殘余應力對金屬材料局部腐蝕行為的影響

陳恒; 盧琳

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.07.012

殘余應力對金屬材料局部腐蝕行為的影響

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.07.012

陳恒¹,
盧琳^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京科技大學新材料技術研究院, 北京 100083
2.
海洋裝備用金屬材料及其應用國家重點實驗室, 鞍山 114021

基金項目:

國家重點研發計劃資助項目 2018YFB0605502

國家自然科學基金聯合基金資助項目 U1560104

詳細信息

通訊作者:
盧琳, E-mail: lulin315@126.com

中圖分類號: TG172.9
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- 文章訪問數: 1735
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 652
- PDF下載量: 93
- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2018-06-06
- 刊出日期: 2019-07-01

Effect of residual stress on localized corrosion behavior of metallic materials

CHEN Heng¹,
LU Lin^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application, Anshan 114021, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LU Lin, E-mail: lulin315@126.com

摘要

摘要: 基于殘余應力測試新方法與先進電化學測試技術的進展, 圍繞殘余應力類型和大小對金屬材料點蝕以及應力腐蝕行為的作用機理進行了總結和歸納. 研究發現, 盡管殘余壓應力對腐蝕行為的抑制作用得到了大量實驗的證實, 但是在不同條件下其作用方式以及機理不盡相同, 并且與材料的結構特點以及腐蝕產物等密切相關. 同時, 殘余拉應力的作用尚不明確, 受到材料類型和其他因素耦合的嚴重影響. 另外, 在某些環境下, 影響腐蝕行為的關鍵是殘余應力梯度或殘余應力的某個臨界值. 但是對有色金屬的研究表明殘余拉應力和壓應力均會導致基體中位錯和微應變等結構缺陷增加, 進而促進點蝕敏感性, 降低材料服役性能. 最后, 對目前研究存在的局限進行了討論和展望.
- 殘余應力 /
- 腐蝕電化學行為 /
- 點蝕 /
- 應力腐蝕 /
- 微區電化學
Abstract: It has been generally recognized that the synergistic action of aggressive media and residual stress that arises during metals fabrication, processing, and service can affect the behavior of corrosion electrochemistry. However, due to the limitation of testing techniques, studies on the influence of residual stress and its synergistic effects with other factors on corrosion initiation and propagation are relatively rare and confined to macro levels. With the developments of residual stress measurements and local electrochemical methods, especially the application of localized electrochemical probe techniques, the effect of residual stress on corrosion electrochemical behavior in the micro-domain has been studied by many researchers in recent years. Based on new testing methods of residual stress and advanced electrochemical measurements, this paper mainly summarized the contents and progress of recent research on metallic materials pitting and stress corrosion behavior under different types and levels of residual stresses. For iron and steel materials, the inhibition of compressive residual stress on corrosion has been supported by many experiments, but it shows different roles and mechanisms in different conditions, closely correlating with material structure and corrosion product. In addition, research has demonstrated that tensile residual stress has different impacts on corrosion resistance in alkaline and acidic conditions and that the influence of tensile residual stress on corrosion, strongly influenced by material types and other coupling factors, is still uncertain. Moreover, some experimental results have also shown that residual stress gradient or its critical value is a significant contributor to corrosion behavior, and only when they are greater than a certain value can pitting or micro-cracks be significantly initiated. However, studies on nonferrous metals suggest that both tensile and compressive residual stresses reduce corrosion resistance because they can increase dislocation density and microstrain, and these structural defects increase the occurrence of active sites for pitting corrosion, thereby degrading performance. Finally, the limitations and prospect of current research were also presented in this paper.
- residual stress /
- corrosion electrochemical behavior /
- pitting /
- stress corrosion /
- localized electrochemistry

HTML全文

圖 1 6%拉伸變形試樣沿直徑φ的殘余應力分布. (a) 試樣內部總殘余應力；(b) 試樣內部第Ⅰ類殘余應力；(c) 試樣內部第Ⅱ類殘余應力^[32]

Figure 1. Distribution of longitudinal residual stress along the diameter φ of a 6% tensile-deformed steel: (a) total residual stresses; (b) 1st-type residual stresses; (c) 2nd-type residual stresses^[32]

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圖 2 銅線上的彈性殘余應力分布情況，以圖中的十字交叉線作為殘余應力的參考點^[40]

Figure 2. Elastic stress distribution in the Cu line; the elastic stresses are based on the reference points indicated by crosses^[40]

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圖 3 實驗值與模擬值的比較^[43]

Figure 3. Comparison of experiment and simulation values^[43]

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圖 4 同一試樣點蝕前(a)、后(b)的原子力顯微鏡表面圖像^[51]

Figure 4. Surface morphology of specimen before (a) and after pitting (b)^[51]

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圖 5 無塑性變形試樣(a)和U型彎曲試樣(b)拉伸面的透射電鏡形貌^[52]

Figure 5. TEM morphology of the specimen without plastic deformation (a) and tensile surface of U-bend specimen (b)^[52]

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圖 6 晶粒尺寸和殘余應力對應力腐蝕開裂綜合作用示意圖. (a)拉伸應力作用；(b)晶粒細化與拉伸應力綜合作用；(c)晶粒細化和殘余壓應力綜合作用^[58]

Figure 6. Schematic illustrations of the combined effect of grain size and residual stress on SCC initiation (RS-residual stress): (a) the negative effect of tensile residual stress; (b) the combined effect of grain refinement and tensile residual stress; (c) the duplicate beneficial effect of grain refinement and compressive residual stress^[58]

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圖 7 裂紋密度與殘余應力關系圖^[61]

Figure 7. Crack density as a function of residual stress, showing two regions of residual stress for micro-crack initiation^[61]

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圖 8 經10%拉伸變形腐蝕后光學顯微照片(a)和透射電鏡照片(b)以及經16%壓縮變形試樣的腐蝕后光學顯微照片(c)和透射照片(d)^[66]

Figure 8. Optical micrograph (a) and the TEM micrograph (b) of the sample of 10% tensile strain and the optical micrograph (c) and the TEM micrograph (d) of the sample of 16% compressive strain after corrosion tests^[66]

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表 1 殘余應力分類信息^[30]

Table 1. Classification information of residual stress^[30]

殘余應力類型	作用尺度/μm	典型缺陷
第Ⅰ類殘余應力	>10	宏觀形變
第Ⅱ類殘余應力	0.1~100	析出相
第Ⅲ類殘余應力	< 0.1	空位和間隙

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