Concept, connotation, technology and development status of Web 3.0

XU Lei; LI Sha; NING Huan-sheng

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.09.14.002

Volume 45 Issue 5

May 2023

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Chinese Journal of Engineering > 2023 > 45(5): 774-786

XU Lei, LI Sha, NING Huan-sheng. Concept, connotation, technology and development status of Web 3.0[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2023, 45(5): 774-786. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.09.14.002

Citation:

XU Lei, LI Sha, NING Huan-sheng. Concept, connotation, technology and development status of Web 3.0[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2023, 45(5): 774-786. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.09.14.002

Citation:

PDF( 875 KB)

Concept, connotation, technology and development status of Web 3.0

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.09.14.002

School of Computer and Communication, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: shalee@ustb.edu.cn
Received Date: 2022-09-14
Available Online: 2022-10-04
Publish Date: 2023-05-01

Abstract

Abstract

Web 3.0 has widely piqued the interest of academia and industry as the next-generation internet. Therefore, this study analyzes the development process and status of Web 3.0 from the perspectives of countries (policies, companies, and products), international organizations (ITU, IEEE, IET, and W3C), and publications databases (Scopus, CNKI). It is concluded that the fundamental technology in Web 3.0 remains the bottleneck limiting its further development. This study performed an in-depth analysis of the fundamental technologies in Web 3.0 from four perspectives. The first is computing and networking. The ubiquitous “Internet of Things” architecture generates a large amount of real-time data, and it has become an inevitable trend to form a cloud, edge, and end multi-level computing collaboration mode. Furthermore, 5G and 6G network and computing technologies work collaboratively to lay a solid foundation for the best user experience. The second is a secure and reliable technology. In Web 3.0, data become users’ data assets. Blockchain technology, privacy-computing technology, and identity management technology are needed to build the technical foundation for value transmission when transferring digital assets and currency. The third technology is virtual-real fusion. Web 3.0 is a three-dimensional holographic, which means that not only will the virtual and real world be integrated, but the virtual world will also break the barriers between each virtual ecology. The technologies related to the fusion of the virtual and real world include virtual and real interaction technology, IoX and technologies related to the fusion of the virtual world include cross-chain technology. The fourth is intelligent interaction technology. The new generation of the internet will not only respond mechanically to the users’ search content but will also be able to read information like humans, providing users with more accurate, reliable, and personalized services. Intelligent interaction technology mainly includes: semantic web technology, big data, data mining technology, and artificial intelligence technology. Finally, it summarizes the future changes caused by Web 3.0 in the economy, society, culture, and Web 3.0 road with Chinese characteristics. Web 3.0 economic reform is mainly reflected in user-centered value creation. The social reform of Web 3.0 is mainly reflected in reshaping organizations, transforming from traditional and centralized to decentralized organizations. The cultural reform of Web 3.0 is mainly reflected in three fields. It protects the rights and interests of artists and artistic works, which greatly promotes the creation of art in Web 3.0; moreover, it promotes the preservation of cultural heritage and the development of tourism. It also establishes Game Finance (GameFi) to promote the improvement of language, writing, music, aesthetics, and other aspects of games. At present, we need Web 3.0 to impart new momentum to the economic, technological, cultural, and social changes, whether it is based on the demand for upgrading information technology or the need to get rid of the persistent downturn in the global economy caused by the epidemic.
- Web 3.0,
- network and computing,
- security and trustworthiness,
- fusion of virtual and real,
- intelligent interaction

FullText(HTML)

References(53)

References

[1]	Litan R E, Rivlin A M. Projecting the economic impact of the Internet. Am Econ Rev, 2001, 91(2): 313 doi: 10.1257/aer.91.2.313
[2]	中國通訊學會. 一文讀懂工業互聯網平臺在中國的發展歷程[EB/OL]. 科普教育(2019-04-15) [2022-09-14].https://www.china-cic.cn/Detail/15/46/1741 China Institute of Communications. One article to understand the development of industrial Internet platform in China. [EB/ OL]. Science Education (2019-04-15) [2022-09-14].https://www.china-cic.cn/detail/15/46/1741
[3]	Hu C H. Research on Web 3.0 application in the resources integration portal // 2012 Second International Conference on Business Computing and Global Informatization. Shanghai, 2012: 728
[4]	孫雨生, 熊英, 陳衛. 國內Web 3. 0研究進展可視化分析. 信息資源管理學報, 2014, 4(3):18 Sun Y S, Xiong Y, Chen W. Visual analysis of research development on Web 3.0 in China. J Inf Resour Manag, 2014, 4(3): 18
[5]	Nath K, Dhar S, Basishtha S. Web 1.0 to Web 3.0-Evolution of the Web and its various challenges // 2014 International Conference on Reliability Optimization and Information Technology (ICROIT). Faridabad, 2014: 86
[6]	Khan A G, Zahid A H, Hussain M, et al. A journey of WEB and blockchain towards the industry 4.0: An overview // 2019 International Conference on Innovative Computing (ICIC). Lahore, 2019: 1
[7]	Maclntyre B, Smith T F. Thoughts on the future of WebXR and the immersive web // 2018 IEEE international symposium on mixed and augmented reality adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct). Munich, 2018: 338
[8]	Alabdulwahhab F A. Web 3.0: the decentralized web blockchain networks and protocol innovation // 2018 1st International Conference on Computer Applications & Information Security (ICCAIS). Riyadh, 2018: 1
[9]	Ragnedda M, Destefanis G. Blockchain and Web 3.0. London: Routledge, 2019
[10]	Liu Z T, Xiang Y X, Shi J, et al. Make Web 3.0 connected. IEEE Trans Dependable Secure Comput, 2022, 19(5): 2965 doi: 10.1109/TDSC.2021.3079315
[11]	彭小準, 董晨晨. Web3.0, 元宇宙與金融科技的發展. 金融科技時代, 2022, 30(8):18 Peng X Z, Dong C C. Web 3.0, metauniverse and the development of financial technology. FinTech Time, 2022, 30(8): 18
[12]	劉艷. 三層技術架構撐起Web 3.0. 科技日報, 2022-07-11 Liu Y. Three tier technical architecture supports Web 3.0. Science and Technology Daily, 2022-07-11
[13]	Li J Q, Yu F R, Deng G Q, et al. Industrial Internet: A survey on the enabling technologies, applications, and challenges. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials, 2017, 19(3): 1504 doi: 10.1109/COMST.2017.2691349
[14]	李昆昆, 李正豪. Web 3.0的熱鬧與冷靜大規模應用仍需時間檢驗. 中國經營報, 2022-07-18(C02) Li K K, Li Z H. The liveliness and calmness of Web 3.0. Large scale applications still need time to test [N]. China Business News, 2022-07-18 (C02)
[15]	陀螺研究院. 區塊鏈+工業互聯網行業研究報告[EB/OL]. 騰訊網(2021-01-13) [2022-09-14].https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20210125A0AVAP00 Gyro Research Institute. Blockchain+Industrial Internet Industry Research Report [EB/OL]. Tencent (2021-01-13) [2022-09-14].https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20210125A0AVAP00
[16]	Latif S, Idrees Z, e Huma Z, et al. Blockchain technology for the industrial Internet of Things: A comprehensive survey on security challenges, architectures, applications, and future research directions. Trans Emerging Tel Tech, 2021,
[17]	Ning H S, Wang Z O. Future internet of things architecture: Like mankind neural system or social organization framework? IEEE Commun Lett, 2011, 15(4): 461
[18]	Vega M T, Liaskos C, Abadal S, et al. Immersive interconnected virtual and augmented reality: A 5G and IoT perspective. J Netw Syst Manage, 2020, 28(4): 796 doi: 10.1007/s10922-020-09545-w
[19]	Zhou P, Shen K, Kumar N, et al. Communication-efficient offloading for mobile-edge computing in 5G heterogeneous networks. IEEE Internet Things J, 2021, 8(13): 10237 doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3029166
[20]	Qiao X Q, Huang Y K, Dustdar S, et al. 6G vision: An AI-driven decentralized network and service architecture. IEEE Internet Comput, 2020, 24(4): 33 doi: 10.1109/MIC.2020.2987738
[21]	Hu P F, Chen W. Software-defined edge computing (SDEC): Principles, open system architecture and challenges // 2019 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation. Leicester, 2019: 8
[22]	Liu H, Ning H S, Xiong Q X, et al. Shared authority based privacy-preserving authentication protocol in cloud computing. IEEE T Parall Distr, 2014, 26(1): 241
[23]	Ning H S, Liu H. Cyber-physical-social-thinking space based science and technology framework for the Internet of Things. Sci China Inf Sci, 2015, 58(3): 1
[24]	Ning H S, Liu H. Cyber-physical-social based security architecture for future Internet of Things. Adv Internet Things, 2012, 2(1): 1 doi: 10.4236/ait.2012.21001
[25]	Yao X X, Farha F, Li R Y, et al. Security and privacy issues of physical objects in the IoT: Challenges and opportunities. Digit Commun Netw, 2021(3): 373
[26]	姚前. 分布式賬本技術研究進展綜述. 武漢金融, 2018(3):4 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3540.2018.03.002 Yao Q. Review of research progress of distributed ledger technology. Wuhan Finance, 2018(3): 4 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3540.2018.03.002
[27]	Zhou J P, Feng Y X, Wang Z Y, et al. Using secure multi-party computation to protect privacy on a permissioned blockchain. Sensors (Basel), 2021, 21(4): 1540 doi: 10.3390/s21041540
[28]	Ohata S. Recent advances in practical secure multi-party computation. IEICE Trans Fundament Electron,Commun Com Sci, 2020, 103(10): 1134
[29]	Melis L, Song C, De Cristofaro E, et al. Exploiting unintended feature leakage in collaborative learning // 2019 IEEE symposium on security and privacy (SP). San Francisco, 2019: 691
[30]	Wei K, Li J, Ding M, et al. Federated learning with differential privacy: Algorithms and performance analysis. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur, 2020, 15: 3454 doi: 10.1109/TIFS.2020.2988575
[31]	Peng T, Guan K J, Liu J R. A privacy-preserving mobile crowdsensing scheme based on blockchain and trusted execution environment. IEICE Trans Inf Syst, 2022, E105.D(2): 215 doi: 10.1587/transinf.2021BCP0001
[32]	姚前, 張大偉. 區塊鏈系統中身份管理技術研究綜述. 軟件學報, 2021, 32(7):2260 doi: 10.13328/j.cnki.jos.006309 Yao Q, Zhang D W. Survey on identity management in blockchain. J Softw, 2021, 32(7): 2260 doi: 10.13328/j.cnki.jos.006309
[33]	佚名. 腦機接口: 從科幻走向現實. 今日科技, 2021(2):43 Nameless. Brain-computer interface: From science fiction to reality. Today Sci &Technol, 2021(2): 43
[34]	Ning H S, Shi F F, Cui S, et al. From IoT to future cyber-enabled Internet of X and its fundamental issues. IEEE Internet Things J, 2021, 8(7): 6077 doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3033547
[35]	郭朝, 郭帥印, 張勝利, 等. 區塊鏈跨鏈技術分析. 物聯網學報, 2020, 4(2):35 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2020.00162 Guo Z, Guo S Y, Zhang S L, et al. Analysis of cross-chain technology of blockchain. Chin J Internet Things, 2020, 4(2): 35 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2020.00162
[36]	韓璇, 袁勇, 王飛躍. 區塊鏈安全問題: 研究現狀與展望. 自動化學報, 2019, 45(1):206 Han X, Yuan Y, Wang F Y. Security problems on blockchain: The state of the art and future trends. Acta Autom Sin, 2019, 45(1): 206
[37]	魏武華. 語義Web及其核心技術研究綜述. 信息與電腦(理論版), 2021, 33(11):6 Wei W H. Research on semantic web and its core technology. China Comput &Commun, 2021, 33(11): 6
[38]	Shi F F, Li Q J, Zhu T, et al. A survey of data semantization in Internet of Things. Sensors, 2018, 18(2): 313 doi: 10.3390/s18010313
[39]	張祥, 李星, 溫韻清, 等. 語義網虛擬本體構建. 東南大學學報(自然科學版), 2015, 45(4):652 Zhang X, Li X, Wen Y Q, et al. Building virtual ontologies in semantic web. J Southeast Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2015, 45(4): 652
[40]	Nguyễn V B. Đề xuất hệ thống thông minh hỗ trợ tìm kiếm việc làm//Hội thảo Khoa học Quốc gia. Việt, 2013
[41]	Kiyomoto S, Rahman M S, Basu A. On blockchain-based anonymized dataset distribution platform // 2017 IEEE 15th International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications. London, 2017: 85
[42]	Jung M Y, Jang J W. Data management and searching system and method to provide increased security for IoT platform // 2017 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). Jeju, 2017: 873
[43]	Zhang F, Zhang Y H. A big data mining and blockchain-enabled security approach for agricultural based on Internet of Things. Wirel Commun Mob Comput, 2020, 2020: 6612972
[44]	張智敏, 石飛飛, 萬月亮, 等. 人工智能在軍事對抗中的應用進展. 工程科學學報, 2020, 42(9):1106 Zhang Z M, Shi F F, Wan Y L, et al. Application progress of artificial intelligence in military confrontation. Chin J Eng, 2020, 42(9): 1106
[45]	Chen L M, Ning H S, Nugent C D, et al. Hybrid human-artificial intelligence. Computer, 2020, 53(8): 14 doi: 10.1109/MC.2020.2997573
[46]	Ning H S, Yin R, Ullah A, et al. A survey on hybrid human-artificial intelligence for autonomous driving. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst, 2022, 23(7): 6011 doi: 10.1109/TITS.2021.3074695
[47]	Gao Q N, Ning H S, Du B. A survey on the development of intelligent robots in speech emotion recognition // 2021 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC). Harbin, 2021: 951
[48]	Chohan U W. Web 3.0: The future architecture of the Internet? SSRN Journal,https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4037693
[49]	Keizer N V, Yang F, Psaras I, et al. The case for AI based Web3 reputation Systems // 2021 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking). Espoo and Helsinki, 2021: 1
[50]	Cunningham S, Flew T. A Research Agenda for Creative Industries. London: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019
[51]	Tr?ek D. Cultural heritage preservation by using blockchain technologies. Herit Sci, 2022, 10(1): 6 doi: 10.1186/s40494-021-00643-9
[52]	佚名. 運用區塊鏈數字藏品講好中國故事—“文化元宇宙的中國印象”前沿工作坊第三期順利舉辦[EB/OL]. 中國國情網 (2022-09-26)[2022-09-26]. http://guoqing.china.com.cn/2022-09/26/content_78437960.htm Nameless. Use blockchain digital collections to tell a good story about China—the third session of the frontier workshop of “China’s impression of the cultural meta universe” was successfully held [EB/OL]. China’s Actual Condition Website (2022-09-26)[2022-09-26]. http://guoqing.china.com.cn/2022-09/26/content_78437960.htm
[53]	“數字藏品”讓傳統文化“活起來”[EB/OL]. 杭州政協新聞 (2022-12-13)[2022-12-13]. https://www.hzzx.gov.cn/content/2021-12/13/content_8117464.htm ‘Digital Collection’ brings traditional culture ‘alive’ [EB/OL]. Hangzhou CPPCC News Network. (2022-09-26)[2022-09-26]. https://www.hzzx.gov.cn/content/2021-12/13/content_8117464.htm