鞍山式貧赤鐵礦不同種類分選尾礦中鐵的賦存規律

張瑞洋; 毛宇宇; 李正要; 李東; 張學進

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.10.28.008

鞍山式貧赤鐵礦不同種類分選尾礦中鐵的賦存規律

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.10.28.008

北京科技大學土木與資源工程學院，北京 100083

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金青年科學基金資助項目（51904020）；中央高校基本科研業務費資助項目（FRF-TP-19-033A2）

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通訊作者:
E-mail: zyli0213@sina.com

中圖分類號: TD92;TD951.1
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-28
- 網絡出版日期: 2021-09-13
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-12

Study of the occurrence law of iron in different types of sorting tailings of Anshan-type low-grade hematite

School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

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Corresponding author: E-mail: zyli0213@sina.com

摘要

摘要: 以齊大山鐵礦選礦分廠鐵尾礦為例，對重選尾礦、磁選尾礦、浮選尾礦和綜合尾礦4種不同種類尾礦的工藝礦物學性質進行對比分析，并對尾礦中鐵的可回收性進行評價。研究結果表明，尾礦中鐵礦物主要為赤鐵礦，脈石礦物主要是石英，有害元素S、P的含量低；尾礦中鐵的金屬分布率隨著粒級的變化，呈兩端高、中間低的規律。重選尾礦中鐵礦物主要包裹在粗顆粒脈石中，浮選尾礦中鐵礦物主要賦存在細顆粒連生體中，磁選尾礦中的鐵礦物粒度極細，綜合尾礦粒度范圍寬、粒度分布極不均勻。采用單一重選和磁選方法對不同種類尾礦進行再選，浮選尾礦指標最佳，重選尾礦次之，綜合尾礦最差，磁選尾礦屬于不可選。鞍山式貧赤鐵礦分選尾礦中鐵的賦存狀態決定了鐵的再回收潛力，可為此類分選尾礦的處理提供理論借鑒。
- 鞍山式鐵礦 /
- 赤鐵礦 /
- 賦存規律 /
- 可回收性 /
- 金屬分布率
Abstract: Anshan-type low-grade hematite ore is one of the most important types of iron ore in China. It is usually separated by a combined process of gravity concentration-magnetic separation-reverse flotation. However, the tailings produced by different separation operations have different properties, and a large amount of the residual iron in the minerals cannot be recovered effectively; therefore, mixing these tailings is unscientific for most concentrators. Given this situation, this paper takes the iron tailings of the Qidashan iron ore dressing plant as an example to make a comparative analysis of the technological mineralogy of four types of tailings (i.e., gravity tailings, magnetic tailings, flotation tailings, and mixed tailings) and evaluate the recoverability of iron in these tailings. The results show that the main iron and gangue minerals are hematite and quartz, respectively. The content of harmful elements S and P is low in the tailings. In addition, the metal distribution rate of iron in the tailings varies with the size, showing a rule of high at both ends and low in the middle. It is also found that iron minerals are mainly wrapped in coarse gangue, and iron minerals in the flotation tailings are mainly contained in fine-grained conglomerates. Although the iron minerals in the magnetic separation tailings are extremely fine, mixed tailings have a wide range of particle sizes and extremely uneven distribution. Single gravity separation and magnetic separation methods are used to reconcentrate different types of tailings, and the best index is found to exist in flotation tailings, followed by gravity tailings, and that of mixed tailings is the worst. However, recovering iron from magnetic tailings is pointless. The mineralogical characteristics of Anshan-type hematite ore tailing underlies its recovery potential of iron and provides a reference for the retreatment of similar iron ore tailings.
- Anshan-style iron ore /
- hematite /
- occurrence regularity /
- recyclability /
- metal distribution rate

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圖 1 鞍山式貧赤鐵礦分選的原則流程及取樣點分布

Figure 1. Principle flowsheet and sampling point distribution of Anshan-type low-grade hematite

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圖 2 不同種類尾礦的XRD分析結果

Figure 2. XRD results of different tailings

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圖 3 尾礦中鐵的礦物組成分析

Figure 3. Mineral composition analysis of iron in different tailings

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圖 4 不同種類尾礦中鐵的磁性率

Figure 4. Magnetic susceptibility of iron in different tailings

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圖 5 尾礦的粒度特性及鐵礦物單體解離情況。（a）重選尾礦；（b）磁選尾礦；（c）浮選尾礦；（d）綜合尾礦

Figure 5. Particle size distribution and liberation conditions of iron minerals in different tailings: (a) gravity tailings; (b) magnetic tailings; (c) flotation tailings; (d) mixed tailings

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圖 6 尾礦不同粒級中鐵的分布規律。（a）鐵品位；（b）金屬分布率

Figure 6. Distribution of iron in tailings with different particle sizes: (a) iron grade; (b) iron distribution

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圖 7 尾礦鏡下觀察。（a）重選尾礦；（b）磁選尾礦；（c）浮選尾礦；（d）綜合尾礦

Figure 7. Observation of tailings under microscope: (a) gravity tailings; (b) magnetic tailings; (c) flotation tailings; (d) mixed tailings

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圖 8 重選對不同種類尾礦中鐵的回收效果

Figure 8. Effect of gravity separation on iron recovery from different tailings

1—gravity tailings: shaker; 2—gravity tailings: screening-shaker; 3—magnetic tailings: shaker; 4—flotation tailings: shaker; 5—flotation tailings: classification-shaker; 6—flotation tailings: classification-screening-shaker; 7—mixed tailings: shaker; 8—mixed tailings: classification-shaker; 9—mixed tailings: classification-screening-shaker

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圖 9 弱磁選對不同種類尾礦中鐵的回收效果

Figure 9. Effect of low-intensity magnetic separation on iron recovery from different tailings

1—gravity tailings: magnetic separation; 2—magnetic tailings: magnetic separation; 3—flotation tailings: magnetic separation; 4—flotation tailings: regrinding-magnetic separation; 5—mixed tailings: magnetic separation; 6—mixed tailings: regrinding-magnetic separation

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表 1 不同種類尾礦的化學成分分析（質量分數）

Table 1. Chemical element analysis of the different tailings (mass fraction) %

Sample	TFe	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	MgO	P	MnO	S
Gravity tailings	10.46	84.27	0.34	0.37	0.69	0.017	0.10	0.023
Magnetic tailings	7.51	83.57	1.26	0.62	1.61	0.048	0.12	0.017
Flotation tailings	19.87	65.38	1.63	0.68	1.71	0.023	0.15	0.077
Mixed tailings	10.00	82.29	1.07	0.39	0.82	0.012	0.098	0.026

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