受限空間不同照度環境下VDT作業視覺疲勞

徐明偉; 金龍哲; 田興華; 魏祎璇; 王麗君

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.08.20.002

受限空間不同照度環境下VDT作業視覺疲勞

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.08.20.002

徐明偉^{1, 2},
金龍哲^1, ,,
田興華¹,
魏祎璇¹,
王麗君²

1.
北京科技大學土木與資源工程學院，北京 100083
2.
西弗吉尼亞大學工業工程系，摩根墩 26505

基金項目: 國家重點研發計劃課題資助項目（2016YFC0801700，2017YFC0805204）；國家自然科學基金資助項目（51874015）；國家留學基金資助項目（201906460049）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: lzjin@ustb.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG142.71
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-20
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-25

Visual fatigue of VDT operation under different illumination conditions in confined space

1.
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Department of Industry Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26505, US

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: lzjin@ustb.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 受限空間內視覺疲勞是造成事故的主要原因之一。為探究有限空間內光照對視屏顯示終端（Visual display terminals，VDT）作業視覺疲勞的影響，選取24名作業人員，在搭建的受限空間平臺內進行VDT打字作業1 h，在50～700 lx范圍內設置7個光照梯度使用眼動儀采集瞳孔直徑數據。將采集數據進行歸一化和降噪處理。實驗結果表明，隨著照度增大，瞳孔直徑總體呈減小趨勢，且瞳孔?照度關系符合冪函數關系；照度400，550和700 lx環境下瞳孔直徑變化率在?12%～8%之間浮動，且隨著光照強度的增強，作業人員視覺疲勞發生的程度增加；在低照度50，100和200 lx環境下，瞳孔直徑變化率在?8%～4%之間浮動，且隨著強度的減弱，作業人員視覺疲勞發生的程度也會增加。本研究提出使用窗口化的瞳孔直徑標準差σ判斷視覺疲勞出現時間，低照度下的σ峰值出現時間早于高照度下σ峰值出現的時刻，300 lx照度下σ峰值出現的時刻最晚，50～300 lx弱光照下對視覺造成的疲勞程度大于300～700 lx強光照下造成的疲勞。
- 受限空間 /
- 安全管理 /
- 視覺疲勞 /
- 視頻顯示終端作業 /
- 瞳孔直徑
Abstract: Using eyes with high concentration for long periods can cause visual fatigue. With the continuous development and progression of modern electronic devices, screens have become an integral part of many aspects of life. Watching a screen for a long time can cause extreme eye fatigue and accidents. A wireless monitoring system including multiple communication platforms is a new means of monitoring in confined spaces, which requires people to perform visual display terminal (VDT) operations in common operating places such as dispatch rooms, cabins, and shipyards. Visual fatigue in a confined space is one of the main causes of accidents. To explore the effect of lighting in a limited space on visual fatigue of VDT, 24 operators were selected to perform VDT typing in a confined space platform for 1 h, and seven light gradients were set within the range of 50–700 lx to collect pupil diameter data using an eye tracker. The collected data were normalized to reduce noise. Experimental results show that with an increase in illuminance, the pupil diameter generally decreases and the pupil–illuminance relationship conforms to the power function relationship. In high-illumination environments (400, 550, and 700 lx), the pupil diameter change rate fluctuates in the ?12%–8% range, and with the increase in light intensity, the degree of visual fatigue of workers increases. Under low-illumination environments (50, 100, and 200 lx), the pupil diameter change rate fluctuates in the range of ?8%?4%, and the degree of visual fatigue of the workers also increases with decreased intensity. This study proposes to use the windowed pupil diameter standard deviation, σ, to determine the time of visual fatigue. The peak value of σ under low illumination is earlier than that under high illumination; the peak value of σ under 300-lx illumination is the latest, weak illumination. The fatigue degree of vision caused by 50?300 lx is greater than that caused by strong illumination of 300?700 lx.
- confined space /
- safety management /
- visual fatigue /
- visual display terminal task /
- pupil diameter

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圖 1 實驗主要儀器

Figure 1. Main instruments of the experiment

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圖 2 實驗場景布置示意圖

Figure 2. Schematic of an experimental scene layout

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圖 3 瞳孔直徑去噪后處理

Figure 3. Post-processing of pupil diameter denoising

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圖 4 瞳孔直徑隨照度變化

Figure 4. Changes in pupil diameter with illuminance

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圖 5 不同照度下瞳孔直徑隨作業時間變化

Figure 5. Changes in pupil diameter with operating time under different illuminances

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 6 不同照度下的瞳孔直徑擬合結果

Figure 6. Fitting results of pupil diameter under different illuminances

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圖 7 不同照度下的瞳孔直徑變化率

Figure 7. Rate of change of pupil diameter under different illuminances

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圖 8 不同照度下的瞳孔隨時間震蕩程度。（a）50 lx；（b）100 lx；（c）200 lx；（d）300 lx；（e）400 lx；（f）550 lx；（g）700 lx

Figure 8. Degree of pupil shock over time under different illuminances: (a) 50 lx; (b) 100 lx; (c) 200 lx; (d) 300 lx; (e) 400 lx; (f) 550 lx; (g) 700 lx

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圖 9 照度?疲勞曲線

Figure 9. Illuminance–fatigue curve

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表 1 受試者參數

Table 1. Subject parameters

Age	Height/cm	Weight/kg	Vision
21.6±1.8	170.9±7.0	61.9±11.5	4.7±0.3

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表 2 不同函數擬合結果

Table 2. Fitting results of different functions

Fitting No.	Equations	Parameter values	Adjustment coefficient, R²	Correlation
1	y=ax+b	a=?000359; b=5.3027	0.8775	Pearson correlation coefficient ?0.094
2	y=ax²+bx+c	a=4.72493×10^?6; b=?0.0065; c=5.51167	0.7732	Sum of squared residuals: 0.7732
3	y=a+bx^c	a=6.0948; b=0.250; c=0.374	0.9856	Sum of squared residuals: 0.0097
4	$y = {{\rm{e}}^{a + bx + c{x^2}}}$	a=1.71; b=?0.00143; c=9.57×10^?7	0.9364	Sum of squared residuals: 0.0557

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表 3 σ峰值出現時刻

Table 3. Time of appearance of σ peak min

50 lx	100 lx	200 lx	300 lx	400 lx	550 lx	750 lx
32	45	51	58	55	50	42

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