熔鹽輔助法制備碳化鈦材料的研究進展

王珍; 凌永一; 王子昊; 張婧; 賈全利; 劉新紅

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.08.01.001

熔鹽輔助法制備碳化鈦材料的研究進展

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.08.01.001

鄭州大學材料科學與工程學院，鄭州 450052

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（51672253，51872266）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：liuxinhong@zzu.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TQ175.79
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-30
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-25

Research development in preparation of TiC materials via molten salt-assisted method

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: liuxinhong@zzu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 近年來，在熔鹽輔助法制備TiC材料方面已取得一定研究成果，已采用熔鹽輔助法制備出不同粒度、形貌各異及純度不同的TiC粉體、TiC涂層和TiC纖維等。本文在歸納總結熔鹽輔助碳熱還原法、熔鹽輔助電化學法、熔鹽輔助金屬熱還原法、熔鹽輔助直接碳化法以及熔鹽輔助微波合成法制備TiC材料的工藝、原理、產物純度、形貌及其優缺點等基礎上，對未來在雜質去除、提高TiC純度、調控TiC形貌等方面的研究進行了展望，期望為高質量TiC材料的制備提供技術參考。
- 熔鹽輔助 /
- 碳化鈦 /
- 碳熱還原法 /
- 電化學法 /
- 金屬熱還原法 /
- 直接碳化法 /
- 微波合成法
Abstract: Titanium carbide is a typical transition metal carbide that has been widely used in the machinery manufacturing, chemical, electronic, and metallurgical industries because of its many unique properties such as high hardness, high melting point, good wear resistance, and good electrical conductivity. With continuous expansion in the applications of titanium carbide materials, the market has developed new requirements on the purity, particle size, particle size distribution, and microstructure of titanium carbide materials. Addition of titanium carbide to the surface of some materials or plated substrates to alter the internal or surface microstructure of the materials and improve the physical or chemical properties of the materials can provide new application prospects in metal matrix composites, ceramic composites, and coating materials. Titanium carbide materials possessing better dispersion, uniform particle size, good crystallization, and good stoichiometry are desired in biosensors, hard coatings, composite electrodes, electrocatalytic active materials, foam stabilizers, and other applications. Titanium carbide is synthesized through various methods such as carbothermal reduction, mechanical alloying, self-propagation high-temperature synthesis, and molten salt-assisted synthesis. Often, synthesis methods of titanium carbide require high reaction temperatures and result in the poor dispersion of powder particles. Therefore, an energy-saving method having high efficiency and in which the purity and morphology of the powder particles can be controlled needs to be developed. This method can be used to develop various kinds of powder materials. Among various preparation methods, molten salt-assisted synthesis (MSS) has gained an increasing amount of attention due to its low preparation temperature, short reacting time, and high efficiency. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the development of the MSS method. The MSS method can be used to prepare titanium carbide powders, titanium carbide coatings, and titanium carbide fibers with varying particle sizes, morphologies, and purities. This review offered a retrospection on the research studies conducted on the preparation of titanium carbide materials via molten salt-assisted methods in China and worldwide, and this review provided elaborate descriptions about the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods such as carbon/metal thermal reduction, electrochemistry, direct carbonation, and microwave heating. This review mainly focused on the preparation process, preparation principle, purity of products, and morphology. In this review, key issues such as eliminating impurities, increasing purity of titanium carbide, and controlling the morphology of titanium carbide were discussed, and relevant researches topics that can be done in the future were proposed. This review helps provide a reference for the low-cost and high efficiency production of high-quality titanium carbide materials.
- molten salt-assisted /
- titanium carbide /
- carbon thermal reduction method /
- electrochemistry method /
- metal thermal reduction method /
- direct carbonation /
- microwave heating method

HTML全文

圖 1 熔鹽輔助碳熱還原法制備TiC的實驗過程示意圖。（a）球磨罐；（b）管式爐^[20]

Figure 1. Schematic of the experimental process of preparing TiC by molten salt-assisted synthesis: (a) agate jar; (b) tube furnace^[20]

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圖 2 TiC粉體顯微結構。（a）棒狀納米結構TiC；（b）片狀納米結構TiC^[22]

Figure 2. Microstructure of TiC powders: (a) TiC nanorods; (b) TiC nanorod sheets^[22]

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圖 3 Ti粉與乙炔黑反應在NaCl–KCl熔鹽中生成TiC的示意圖^[22]

Figure 3. Schematic of TiC formation in NaCl–KCl molten salt using Ti powder and acetylene black^[22]

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圖 4 TiC粉體顯微結構。（a）八面體TiC；（b）柱狀TiC^[20]

Figure 4. Microstructure of TiC powders: (a) octahedral TiC; (b) columnar TiC^[20]

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圖 5 TiC粉體的顯微結構。（a）SHS方法合成；（b）熔鹽輔助法合成^[23]

Figure 5. Microstructure of TiC powders by different methods: (a) SHS method; (b) molten salt-assisted method^[23]

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圖 6 熔鹽法制備的碳化鈦納米纖維SEM照片。（a）HF 處理之前；（b）HF處理之后^[25]

Figure 6. SEM images of titanium carbide nanofibers prepared using molten salt-assisted method: (a) before HF acid treatment; (b) after HF acid treatment^[25]

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圖 7 FFC法電解池示意圖^[27]

Figure 7. Schematic of FFC electrolytic cell^[27]

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圖 8 CaCl₂–NaCl混合熔鹽中合成的TiC粉體的顯微結構^[40]

Figure 8. Microstructure of TiC powders synthesized in CaCl₂–NaCl mixed molten salt^[40]

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圖 9 TiC_xO_y粉體的顯微結構^[43]

Figure 9. Microstructure of TiC_xO_y powders^[43]

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圖 10 海綿塊狀的TiC結構^[24]

Figure 10. TiC structure of sponge block^[24]

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圖 11 石墨表面的TiC涂層顯微結構圖^[56]

Figure 11. Microstructure of TiC on graphite surface^[56]

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