金屬磁記憶檢測技術研究新進展與關鍵問題

蘇三慶; 劉馨為; 王威; 左付亮; 鄧瑞澤; 秦彥龍

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.05.10.002

金屬磁記憶檢測技術研究新進展與關鍵問題

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.05.10.002

西安建筑科技大學土木工程學院，西安 710055

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（51878548，51578449）；陜西省自然科學基礎研究計劃重點資助項目（2018JZ5013）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：sussqx@xauat.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TU391
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-08
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-25

Progress and key problems in the research on metal magnetic memory testing technology

School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：sussqx@xauat.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 金屬磁記憶檢測技術是一種適用于鐵磁材料的新興的無損檢測技術，主要優勢在于無需外加激勵磁場源，即在天然地磁場的激勵作用下，通過測量材料表面的漏磁信號，就能夠對鐵磁構件的早期損傷進行檢測，避免結構或構件發生突然的脆性破壞。針對近10余年金屬磁記憶檢測技術的研究現狀，概述了該技術的理論基礎，總結了該技術理論研究、試驗研究以及工程應用新進展，探討了磁記憶檢測技術的損傷評判準則，分析了影響磁記憶檢測信號的因素，基于此，提出了磁記憶檢測技術目前存在的問題和未來的研究發展方向。
- 金屬磁記憶檢測 /
- 鐵磁材料 /
- 力磁耦合 /
- 損傷評判 /
- 影響因素 /
- 應力集中
Abstract: The nondestructive technique for testing ferromagnetic materials known as the metal magnetic memory method is formally proposed in 1997 by the Russian scholar Dubov at the 50th International Conference on Welding. The main advantage of this metal magnetic memory technology is that no external excitation magnetic field source is required. That is, by the excitation of the natural geomagnetic field, when a ferromagnetic member is subjected to external stress, a free magnetic leakage field is generated around the stress concentration or defect position of the ferromagnetic member due to the magnetic-force coupling effect. By measuring and analyzing the magnetic leakage signal on the surface of the material, the stress concentration, early damage, and degree of damage in the ferromagnetic member can be readily detected and evaluated to effectively prevent sudden brittle failure of the structure or member. This technique is the only effective nondestructive testing method for diagnosing early damage in ferromagnetic components. Because this metal magnetic memory testing technology can be used to assess the stress concentration, early damage position, and the degree of damage of ferromagnetic materials, it has great potential for use in predicting structural or component life and warning of damage. Its advantages include no manual magnetization or attached sensor, no surface treatment of components, and simple, convenient, and quick operation. As such, it has attracted wide interest from scholars around the world since its formal introduction. In this paper, based on the research on metal magnetic memory testing technology over the past 10 years, a theoretical model of the technology was established and the progress made in the theoretical research, experimental research, and engineering applications of this technology were summarized. The damage assessment criteria for magnetic memory testing technology were discussed and the factors that affect the magnetic memory detection signal were analyzed. Based on this review, the current problems were identified and future research directions of magnetic memory testing technology were proposed.
- metal magnetic memory testing /
- ferromagnetic materials /
- force-magnetic coupling /
- damage assessment /
- influence factor /
- stress concentration

HTML全文

圖 1 金屬磁記憶檢測原理示意圖^[26]

Figure 1. Schematic of the principle of metal magnetic memory testing^[26]

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圖 2 磁偶極子模型示意圖

Figure 2. Schematic of magnetic dipole model

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圖 3 不同溫度和拉伸載荷下信號特征值模型的理論預測^[48]。（a）彈性狀態下法向磁信號平均值，$\overline {{H_y}} $；（b）彈性狀態下切向磁信號的斜率值，k_(x)；（c）塑性狀態下法向磁信號平均值，$\overline {{H_y}} $；（d）塑性狀態下切向磁信號的斜率值，k_(x)

Figure 3. Theoretical prediction of signal eigenvalue model under different temperatures and tensile loads^[48]: (a) average of normal magnetic signals in elastic state; (b) slope value of tangential magnetic signal in elastic state; (c) average of normal magnetic signals in plastic state; (d) slope value of tangential magnetic signal in plastic state

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圖 4 理論模型預測不同因素對磁記憶信號法向分量的影響^[51]。（a）缺陷長度；（b）缺陷寬度；（c）缺陷深度；（d）檢測提離值

Figure 4. Influence of different factors on the normal components of magnetic memory signals^[51]: (a) length of defects; (b) defect width; (c) defect depth; (d) lift-off value

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圖 5 Q345B建筑鋼板件拉伸斷裂后形貌圖^[25]。（a）缺口試件；（b）光滑試件

Figure 5. Morphologies of structural steel sheet after tensile fracture^[25]: (a) notched specimen; (b) smooth specimen

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圖 6 鋼絲繩單根鋼絲的磁記憶檢測^[59]

Figure 6. Magnetic memory detection of single wire rope^[59]

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圖 7 鐵磁構件磁信號隨缺陷寬度b變化規律（缺陷深度h=1 mm）。（a）法向分量；（b）切向分量

Figure 7. Variation in magnetic signal of ferromagnetic component with defect width b (defect depth h = 1 mm): (a) normal component; (b) tangential component

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