常規鹵化物和高分子材料抑制尾礦庫揚塵的試驗

趙筠康; 魏作安; 楊永浩; 路停; 王文松; 李世龍

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.04.23.002

常規鹵化物和高分子材料抑制尾礦庫揚塵的試驗

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.04.23.002

趙筠康^{1, 2},
魏作安^{1, 2, ,},
楊永浩³,
路停^{1, 2},
王文松^{1, 2},
李世龍^{1, 2}

1.
重慶大學煤礦災害動力學與控制國家重點實驗室，重慶 400044
2.
重慶大學資源與安全學院，重慶 400044
3.
重慶交通大學省部共建山區橋梁及隧道工程國家重點實驗室，重慶 400074

基金項目: 國家重點研發計劃資助項目（2017YFC0804609）；重慶市自然科學基金資助項目（cstc2019jcyj-bshX0022）；重慶市博士后科研項目特別資助（XmT2018017）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: weiza@cqu.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TD862
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-26

Control of dust from tailings pond using conventional halides and polymer materials

ZHAO Jun-kang^{1, 2},
WEI Zuo-an^{1, 2
, ,},
YANG Yong-hao³,
LU Ting^{1, 2},
WANG Wen-song^{1, 2},
LI Shi-Long^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
2.
School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Mountain Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Chongqing Jiao Tong University, Chongqing 400074, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: weiza@cqu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 選取溶液質量濃度、溶液噴灑量以及外部風速作為變量，通過室內試驗考察了常規鹵化物和高分子材料對揚塵控制的效果。以抗風蝕能力和結殼抗破壞能力為響應變量。結果表明，隨著抑塵劑濃度的增加和噴灑量的增加，結殼的抗風蝕性和抗破壞性可以得到提高。在鹵化物溶液中，CaCl₂的抑塵性能最好。在風速為7.5 m·s^?1的條件下，CaCl₂噴灑量為4.5 L·m^?2，且其質量濃度為50 g·L^?1時，尾礦質量損失量為0.75 g·m^?2·min^?1，貫入阻力為466 kPa。在高分子材料中，聚丙烯酰胺的抑塵效果最好。在風速為7.5 m·s^?1的條件下，聚丙烯酰胺噴灑量為4.5 L·m^?2，且其質量濃度為0.5 g·L^?1時，尾礦質量損失量為0.30 g·m^?2·min^?1，貫入阻力為248 kPa。抑塵劑的選取可根據當地年均風速確定，年均風速較大時，可選擇聚丙烯酰胺作為尾礦庫抑塵劑，反之則可選擇CaCl₂為尾礦庫抑塵劑。
- 銅尾礦 /
- 鹵化物 /
- 高分子材料 /
- 抗風蝕能力 /
- 貫入阻力
Abstract: Mine tailings, the byproducts of mineral processing, are special solid wastes generally classified as loose sandy silts or silty sands that are vulnerable to wind erosion, especially in arid and semiarid regions. Mine tailings also contain potentially toxic elements such as Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, and As. Thus, fugitive dust from mine tailings is associated with a number of environmental and safety concerns. In recent years, dust control has become a hot topic in the environmental management of tailings storage facilities. Using the response variables of wind erosion resistance and penetration resistance, the experimental variables of the solution concentration, spray amount, and external air speed, laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effects of conventional halides and polymer materials on dust control. The results indicate that the wind erosion resistance and penetration resistance of the crust can be improved with increase in the concentration of the dust-depressor and the amount of spray used. In the halide solution, CaCl₂ exhibited the best dust control effect. When the wind speed is 7.5 m·s^?1 and the spraying amount of CaCl₂ is 4.5 L·m^?2 at a concentration of 50 g·L^?1, the loss quantity of tailings is 0.75 g·m^?2·min^?1 and the penetration resistance is 466 kPa. Among the polymer materials, polyacrylamide exhibits the best dust control effect. The loss quantity of tailings is 0.30 g·m^?2·min^?1 and the penetration resistance is 248 kPa when the wind speed is 7.5 m·s^?1 and the spraying amount of polyacrylamide is 4.5 L·m^?2 at a concentration of 0.5 g·L^?1. This paper emphasizes that the selection of dust-depressor can be determined based on the local annual mean wind speed, whereby polyacrylamide should be selected as the dust suppressant for a tailings pond when the annual mean wind speed is high. Otherwise, CaCl₂ should be selected as the dust-depressor for a tailings pond.
- copper tailings /
- halides /
- polymer materials /
- wind erosion resistance /
- penetration resistance

HTML全文

圖 1 銅尾礦粒徑分布曲線

Figure 1. Particle size distribution curve of copper tailings

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圖 2 抗風性能試驗圖

Figure 2. Schematic of blow test

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圖 3 5個貫入測試點的位置

Figure 3. Photograph of the locations of the five penetrating test points in the tailings samples

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圖 4 鹵化物抑塵劑在不同風速下的抗風蝕性能試驗結果（噴灑量為1.5 L·m^?2）。（a）風速為4.5 m·s^?1；（b）風速為7.5 m·s^?1；（c）風速為10 m·s^?1

Figure 4. Test result of wind erosion resistance of halide sprayed tailings (spraying amount of 1.5 L·m^?2): (a) wind speed of 4.5 m·s^?1; (b) wind speed of 7.5 m·s^?1; (c) wind speed of 10 m·s^?1

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圖 5 鹵化物抑塵劑在不同風速下的抗風蝕性能試驗結果（噴灑量為4.5 L·m^?2）。（a）風速為4.5 m·s^?1；（b）風速為7.5 m·s^?1；（c）風速為10 m·s^?1

Figure 5. Test result of wind erosion resistance of halide sprayed tailings (spraying amount of 4.5 L·m^?2): (a) wind speed of 4.5 m·s^?1; (b) wind speed of 7.5 m·s^?1; (c) wind speed of 10 m·s^?1

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圖 6 高分子抑塵劑在不同風速下的抗風蝕性能試驗結果（噴灑量為1.5 L·m^?2）。（a）風速為4.5 m·s^?1；（b）風速為7.5 m·s^?1；（c）風速為10 m·s^?1

Figure 6. Test result of wind erosion resistance of polymer sprayed tailings (spraying amount of 1.5 L·m^?2): (a) wind speed of 4.5 m·s^?1; (b) wind speed of 7.5 m·s^?1; (c) wind speed of 10 m·s^?1

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圖 7 高分子抑塵劑在不同風速下的抗風蝕性能試驗結果（噴灑量為4.5 L·m^?2）。（a）風速為4.5 m·s^?1；（b）風速為7.5 m·s^?1；（c）風速為10 m·s^?1

Figure 7. Test result of wind erosion resistance of polymer sprayed tailings (spraying amount of 4.5 L·m^?2): (a) wind speed of 4.5 m·s^?1; (b) wind speed of 7.5 m·s^?1; (c) wind speed of 10 m·s^?1

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圖 8 噴灑3種鹵化物抑塵劑溶液后的表面貫入阻力的測試結果。（a）噴灑量為1.5 L·m^?2；（b）噴灑量為3.0 L·m^?2；（c）噴灑量為4.5 L·m^?2

Figure 8. Test results of surface penetration resistance after spraying three halide dust-inhibitor solutions: (a) spraying amount of 1.5 L·m^?2; (b) spraying amount of 3.0 L·m^?2; (c) spraying amount of 4.5 L·m^?2

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圖 9 噴灑3種高分子抑塵劑溶液后的表面貫入阻力的測試結果。（a）噴灑量為1.5 L·m^?2；（b）噴灑量為3.0 L·m^?2；（c）噴灑量為4.5 L·m^?2

Figure 9. Test results of surface penetration resistance after spraying with three kinds of polymer dust-inhibitor solution: (a) spraying amount of 1.5 L·m^?2; (b) spraying amount of 3.0 L·m^?2; (c) spraying amount of 4.5 L·m^?2

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表 1 銅尾礦的化學組成

Table 1. Chemical composition of copper tailings %

Chemical element	Si	Ca	Fe	Al	Na	Mg	P	S	Ti	Other
Mass fraction	46.84	16.84	13.32	9.81	3.79	2.56	2.06	1.87	1.02	1.89

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表 2 試驗風速等級

Table 2. Test wind levels

Test wind levels	Wind speed / (m·s^?1)	Wind class
1	3.4–5.4	3
2	5.5–7.9	4
3	8.0–10.7	5

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表 3 CaCl₂與聚丙烯酰胺試樣損失量對比

Table 3. Comparison of losses of CaCl₂ and polyacrylamide samples

Reagent name	Concentration / (g·L^?1)	Spraying amount / (L·m^?2)	Tailings loss at wind speed of 4.5 m·s^?1/ (g·m^?2·min ^?1)	Tailings loss at wind speed of 7.5 m·s^?1 / (g·m^?2·min ^?1)	Tailings loss at wind speed of 10.0 m·s^?1/ (g·m^?2·min ^?1)
Water	0	4.5	1	2.69	5.33
CaCl₂	50	4.5	0.51	0.71	0.90
Polyacrylamide	0.5	4.5	0.19	0.30	0.79

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表 4 CaCl₂與聚丙烯酰胺試樣貫入阻力對比

Table 4. Comparison of penetration resistances of CaCl₂ and polyacrylamide samples

Reagent name	Concentration / (g·L^?1)	Spraying amount / (L·m^?2)	Penetration resistance / kPa
Water	0	4.5	250
CaCl₂	50	4.5	466
Polyacrylamide	0.5	4.5	248

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