CO<sub>2</sub>分壓對N80油管鋼在CO<sub>2</sub>驅注井環空環境中應力腐蝕行為的影響

崔懷云; 梅鵬程; 劉智勇; 盧琳

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.04.13.004

CO₂分壓對N80油管鋼在CO₂驅注井環空環境中應力腐蝕行為的影響

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.04.13.004

崔懷云¹,
梅鵬程¹,
劉智勇¹,
盧琳^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京科技大學新材料技術研究院，北京 100083
2.
海洋裝備用金屬材料及其應用國家重點實驗室，鞍山 114000

基金項目: 國家重點研發計劃資助項目(2018YFB0605502)

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通訊作者:
E-mail: lulin315@126.com

中圖分類號: TG172
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-13
- 刊出日期: 2020-09-20

Effect of CO₂ partial pressure on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of N80 tubing steel in the annulus environment of CO₂ injection well

1.
Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application, Anshan 114000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: lulin315@126.com

摘要

摘要: 使用恒應變試樣浸泡試驗、表面分析技術和電化學測試技術研究了CO₂分壓對N80鋼在模擬CO₂驅注井環空環境中應力腐蝕行為的影響。研究結果表明：CO₂分壓對腐蝕速率的影響存在一個拐點，環境溫度為25 ℃時拐點約為1 MPa。當CO₂分壓小于1 MPa時，由于腐蝕產物膜（FeCO₃）成形較慢，覆蓋率低，隨CO₂分壓的增高，N80鋼的自腐蝕電流密度快速增大；當CO₂分壓大于1 MPa時，腐蝕產物膜能以較快的速率成形，覆蓋率高，CO₂分壓的進一步增高反會使得N80鋼的腐蝕電流密度降低。CO₂溶于模擬環空溶液中會使溶液pH持續下降，促使N80油管鋼在環空環境下發生應力腐蝕開裂。N80鋼在CO₂注入井環空環境中的應力腐蝕開裂機制是陽極溶解和氫脆共同作用的混合機制。應力腐蝕裂紋在萌生階段局部陽極溶解作用（點蝕）為主導，該作用下CO₂分壓為1 MPa時應力腐蝕裂紋最易萌生；在應力腐蝕裂紋生長階段氫脆作用更強，這種作用導致CO₂分壓更高時應力腐蝕裂紋更容易生長，應力腐蝕敏感性進一步提高。
- N80油管鋼 /
- 環空環境 /
- CO₂分壓 /
- 電化學 /
- 應力腐蝕
Abstract: CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR) technology is the process of capturing CO₂, transporting the captured CO₂ to a storage site, and injecting the captured CO₂ into an oil field to enhance oil recovery. CO₂-EOR technology can greatly increase the profitability of oil fields. It is also a promising method for reducing CO₂ emission and improving the environment. For these reasons, this technology has become increasingly important for the development of the global oil industry and has been widely explored. However, CO₂ injection significantly increases the risk of corrosion failure of tubing steel. As such, the effect of CO₂ on the stress corrosion behavior of tubing steel should be investigated. In this study, the effect of CO₂ partial pressure ($P_{{\rm{CO}}_2} $) on the stress corrosion behavior of N80 steel was examined using an immersion test, a surface analysis technique, and an electrochemical technology. Results reveal that the influence of $P_{{\rm{CO}}_2} $ on the corrosion rate has an inflection point of approximately 1 MPa. When $P_{{\rm{CO}}_2} $ is <1 MPa, a corrosion product film (FeCO₃) forms slowly, and the coverage rate is low. As $P_{{\rm{CO}}_2} $ increases, the corrosion current density of N80 steel increases. When $P_{{\rm{CO}}_2} $ is >1 MPa, the corrosion product film can form at a faster rate, and the corrosion current density of N80 steel decreases as $P_{{\rm{CO}}_2} $ increases. The pH of the solution decreases continuously when CO₂ is dissolved in solution. Consequently, the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of N80 tubing steel occurs in an annulus environment. The SCC mechanism of N80 steel in the annulus environment of CO₂ injection wells is the combination of anodic dissolution (AD) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Localized AD (pitting) is dominant in SCC at the initiation stage, and SCC is most likely initiated at $P_{{\rm{CO}}_2} $ of 1 MPa. At the crack growth stage, HE has a stronger effect on SCC than AD, the SCC easily grows with a high $P_{{\rm{CO}}_2} $, and SCC sensitivity further improves.
- N80 tubing steel /
- annulus environment /
- CO₂ partial pressure /
- electrochemical /
- stress corrosion

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圖 1 N80油管鋼的金相組織

Figure 1. Microstructure of N80 tubing steel

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圖 2 N80鋼在不同CO₂分壓下的極化曲線。（a） ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=0～1.0 MPa；（b） ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=1.0～4.0 MPa

Figure 2. Polarization curves of N80 steel under different partial pressures of CO₂: (a) ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=0–1.0 MPa; (b) ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=1.0–4.0 MPa

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圖 3 N80鋼在不同CO₂分壓下的電化學阻抗譜。（a） Nyquist圖；（b） Bode圖

Figure 3. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of N80 steel under different partial pressures of CO₂: (a) Nyquist; (b) Bode

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圖 4 N80鋼在不同CO₂分壓下的電化學阻抗譜等效電路。（a） ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=0 MPa；（b） ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$>0 MPa

Figure 4. Equivalent circuits of N80 steel under different conditions: (a) ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=0 MPa; (b) ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$>0 MPa

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圖 5 不同參數與CO₂分壓的關系圖。（a） 1/R_p、i_corr與${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$的關系；（b） E_corr與${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$的關系

Figure 5. Relation between ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$ and different parameters: (a) relation between ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$ and 1/R_p, i_corr; (b) relation between ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$ and E_corr

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圖 6 三點彎試樣浸泡720 h后的表面形貌。（a） ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=1 MPa；（b） ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=4 MPa

Figure 6. Surface profiles of three-point loaded specimens after 720 h of immersion: (a) ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=1 MPa; (b) ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=4 MPa

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圖 7 U形彎試樣浸泡720 h后的表面形貌。（a） ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=1 MPa；（b） ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=4 MPa

Figure 7. Surface profiles of U-bent specimens after 720 h of immersion: (a) ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$=1 MPa; (b) ${P_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$ =4 MPa

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表 1 實驗用N80鋼化學成分（質量分數）

Table 1. Chemical composition of N80 steel used in the test %

C Si Mn P S Cr Mo

0.277 0.318 1.63 0.0359 0.027 0.0503 0.0139

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