大線能量焊接用EH420海工鋼生產工藝及焊接性能

劉洪波; 李建新; 吝章國; 李玉謙; 田志強; 杜琦銘; 梅東貴; 劉崇; 劉占禮; 馬浩冉

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.03.23.001

大線能量焊接用EH420海工鋼生產工藝及焊接性能

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.03.23.001

1.
河鋼集團鋼研總院，石家莊 050000
2.
河鋼股份有限公司，石家莊 050000
3.
河鋼股份有限公司邯鄲分公司，邯鄲 056000

基金項目: 國家重點研發計劃資助項目（2016YFB0300602）；深水油氣管線關鍵技術與裝備北京市重點實驗室開放基金資助項目（BIPT2019001）

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E-mail：ustbliuhongbo@163.com

中圖分類號: TG406
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-23
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-25

Production technology and welding properties of high heat input welding EH420 offshore steel

1.
Technology Research Institute, HBIS Group, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
2.
HBIS Company Limited, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
3.
Hansteel Company, HBIS Company Limited, Handan 056015, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: ustbliuhongbo@163.com

摘要

摘要: 河鋼集團有限公司開發了利用鋼液中形成TiO_x?MgO?CaO細小粒子改善焊接粗晶熱影響區韌性的ITFFP技術（Improve the toughness of HAZ by forming TiO_x?MgO?CaO fine particles in steel），成功試制生產出大線能量焊接用30 mm厚度規格（H30）和60 mm厚度規格（H60）EH420海洋工程用鋼。母材力學性能試驗結果表明，H30和H60試制鋼屈服強度分別達到461 MPa和534 MPa，抗拉強度分別達到570 MPa和628 MPa，延伸率分別為26%和24.5%，滿足EH420海洋工程用鋼國家標準要求。采用Gleeble-3800型熱模擬試驗機對試制鋼進行了200 kJ·cm^?1條件下熱模擬試驗，并對焊接熱影響區中的顯微組織和?40 ℃沖擊韌性進行了分析和測試。結果表明，試制鋼中形成的CaO(?MgO)?Al₂O₃?TiO_x?MnS夾雜物可以有效地誘導針狀鐵素體析出，顯著提高鋼材的沖擊韌性。另外，利用氣電立焊設備對H30和H60試制鋼分別進行了焊接線能量為247 kJ·cm^?1和224 kJ·cm^?1的實焊試驗，結果顯示，H30試制鋼焊接接頭表面和根部焊縫處?40 ℃沖擊吸收功值≥74 J，焊接熱影響區≥115 J，H60試制鋼焊接接頭表面和根部焊縫處?40 ℃沖擊吸收功值≥91 J，焊接熱影響區≥75 J，焊接接頭的沖擊性能遠高于國家標準值42 J。
- EH420海工鋼 /
- 焊接熱模擬 /
- 氣電立焊 /
- 夾雜物 /
- 組織 /
- 性能
Abstract: Extensive efforts have been made to remove “harmful” inclusions during the steelmaking process. However, the concept of “oxide metallurgy” was proposed, where fine inclusions are used to induce the formation of acicular ferrite and pin the grain boundary, thus enhancing the low temperature toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The technology of improving the toughness of HAZ by forming TiO_x?MgO?CaO fine particles (ITFFP) in steel has been successfully applied to the trial production of 30 mm (H30) and 60 mm (H60) thick high heat input welding EH420 offshore steel. The mechanical testing results show that the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of H30 steel are 461 MPa, 579 MPa, and 26%, respectively. In addition, the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of H60 steel are 534 MPa, 628 MPa, and 24.5%, respectively. The tested H30 and H60 steels achieved the national standard of EH420 offshore steel. The effect of ITFFP technology on the microstructure and impact toughness in the HAZ of H30 and H60 steels subjected to a 200 kJ·cm^?1 heat input were investigated using a Gleeble-3800 welding simulation machine and Charpy impact tests. The results indicate that the CaO(?MgO)?Al₂O₃?TiO_x?MnS formed in the tested steels induces the formation of acicular ferrite, and thus significantly improves the impact toughness. Additionally, electrode-gas welding with heat inputs of 247 kJ·cm^?1 and 224 kJ·cm^?1 was applied to H30 and H60 steels. The experimental results show that the impact absorbed energy of the weld in H30 tested steel is larger than 74 J at ?40 ℃, and the HAZ exhibits an absorbed energy larger than 115 J at ?40 ℃. In addition, the impact absorbed energy of the weld in H60 tested steel is larger than 91 J at ?40 ℃, and the HAZ exhibits an absorbed energy larger than 75 J at ?40 ℃. The impact absorbed energy of welded joints is much higher than the requirement of the national standard (42 J).
- EH420 offshore steel /
- welding simulation /
- electrode-gas welding /
- inclusions /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties

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圖 1 H30和H60試制鋼熱軋態顯微組織（GB：粒狀貝氏體，PF：塊狀鐵素體，AF：針狀鐵素體）。（a）H30；（b）H60

Figure 1. Microstructure of hot-rolled H30 and H60 tested steels (GB: granular bainite, PF: polygonal ferrite, AF: acicular ferrite): (a) H30; (b) H60

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圖 2 H30和H60試制鋼HAZ顯微組織（AF：針狀鐵素體，GBF：晶界鐵素體，FSP：側板條鐵素體）。（a）H30；（b）H60

Figure 2. Microstructure of the HAZ in H30 and H60 tested steels (AF: acicular ferrite, GBF: grain boundary ferrite, FSP: ferrite side plate): (a) H30; (b) H60

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圖 3 H30試制鋼HAZ顯微組織和夾雜物關系（CAT：CaO?Al₂O₃?TiO_x?MnS夾雜物，CMAT：CaO?MgO?Al₂O₃?TiO_x?MnS夾雜物）。（a）H30試制鋼HAZ顯微組織；（b）H30試制鋼HAZ顯微組織示意圖；（c）P1夾雜物線掃描分析結果；（d）P2夾雜物面掃描分析結果

Figure 3. Relationships between the microstructures and inclusions of the HAZ in H30 tested steel (CAT: CaO?Al₂O₃?TiO_x?MnS complex inclusions, CMAT：CaO?MgO?Al₂O₃?TiO_x?MnS complex inclusion): (a) microstructure of the HAZ in H30 tested steel; (b) schematic diagram of the microstructure of the HAZ in H30 tested steel; (c) line scanning of P1 inclusion; (d) mapping scanning of P2 inclusion

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圖 4 H30試制鋼焊接接頭表面和根部各位置沖擊吸收功值。（a）H30試制鋼焊縫表面；（b）H30試制鋼焊縫根部

Figure 4. Absorbed impact energy of the surface of a welded joint in H30 tested steel: (a) weld surface of H30 tested steel; (b) weld root of H30 tested steel

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圖 5 H60試制鋼焊接接頭表面和根部各位置沖擊吸收功值。（a）H60試制鋼焊縫表面；（b）H60試制鋼焊縫根部

Figure 5. Absorbed impact energy of the surface of a welded joint in H60 tested steel: (a) weld surface of H60 tested steel; (b) weld root of H60 tested steel

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表 1 試制鋼的化學成分（質量分數）

Table 1. Chemical compositions of tested steels %

Steel No.	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Al	Cu	Ni	Cr	B	Ti	Ca+Mg
H30	0.077	0.15	1.55	0.0081	0.0033	0.0035	0.029	0.03	0.026	0.0007	0.008	≤0.003
H60	0.091	0.14	1.53	0.0072	0.0037	0.0056	0.03	0.03	0.029	0.0007	0.008	≤0.003

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表 2 氣電立焊焊接參數

Table 2. Parameters during the electrode-gas welding process

Steel No.	Weld type	Bevel angle / (°)	Welding current		Arc voltage / V	Gas		Welding speed/ (mm·min^?1)	Heat input / (kJ·cm^?1)
Steel No.	Weld type	Bevel angle / (°)	Power type	Current /A	Arc voltage / V	Type	Flow rate / (L·min^?1)	Welding speed/ (mm·min^?1)	Heat input / (kJ·cm^?1)
H30	Single side EGW	30	DCEP	380	45	CO₂	20	41.5	247
H60	Double side EGW	40	DCEP	410	50	CO₂	20	54.9	224

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表 3 試制鋼母材力學性能

Table 3. Mechanical properties at room temperature of tested steels

Steel No.	Mechanical properties
	Yield strength /MPa	Tensile strength /MPa	Elongation /%	Charpy impact energy at ?40 ℃ / J
	Yield strength /MPa	Tensile strength /MPa	Elongation /%	Value #1	Value #2	Value #3	Average value
H30	461	570	26	325	352	337	338
H60	534	628	24.5	311	315	318	315
EH420 (GB/T 712—2011)	≥420	530?680	≥18	≥42

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表 4 試制鋼200 kJ·cm^?1焊接熱模擬后HAZ低溫沖擊吸收功

Table 4. Impact absorbed energy of the HAZ in tested steels after 200 kJ·cm^?1 welding thermal simulation

Steel No.	Heat input / (kJ·cm^?1)	Charpy impact energy at ?40 ℃ / J
Steel No.	Heat input / (kJ·cm^?1)	Value #1	Value #2	Value #3	Average value
H30	200	193	247	169	203
H60	200	128	183	92	135

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