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摘要: 為了保證齒輪鋼中非金屬夾雜物的控制，并確定齒輪鋼經濟合理的總氧含量控制目標，開展了總氧含量對齒輪鋼中非金屬夾雜物的影響研究。以三種不同總氧含量的Mn–Cr系齒輪鋼為研究對象，利用Aspex掃描電鏡、極值法、疲勞測試等不同方法研究了齒輪鋼中非金屬夾雜物數量、分布、尺寸等，獲得了夾雜物與齒輪鋼總氧含量的對應關系。在本文實驗條件下，隨著總氧含量的降低，鋼中氧化物夾雜數量不斷減小，其中5～10 μm的小尺寸夾雜物減小最明顯，而10 μm以上的大尺寸夾雜物數量變化規律不明顯。另外，極值法和疲勞試驗結果表明，總氧含量高時（質量分數為0.0013%），鋼中最大氧化物夾雜尺寸也較大，比總氧質量分數為0.0010%和0.0005%的實驗鋼的最大夾雜物尺寸高10 μm以上，且當總氧含量比較低時（質量分數≤0.0010%），實驗鋼總氧質量分數變化（0.0010%、0.0005%）對鋼中最大夾雜物尺寸影響不大。Abstract: It is an important symbol of the metallurgical quality level of special steel for inclusion controlling, which can improve the service performance of special steel to a greater extent. As a typical steel grade, gear steel, in the special steel field, is also required strictly in controlling of inclusions. It is known that total oxygen content can reflect the level of inclusions to some extent. Since the 1980s, ultralow oxygen has become a direction for the development of special steel. To guarantee controlling of nonmetallic inclusions and determine a reasonable control target of total oxygen content in the gear steel, the effect of total oxygen content on nonmetallic inclusions in gear steel was studied. In this study, three kinds of Mn–Cr-system gear steels with different oxygen content were selected as research objects. The number, distribution, and size of nonmetallic inclusions in these gear steels were studied using an Aspex scanning electron microscope (Aspex SEM), the extreme value method, and fatigue test. The relationship between inclusions and the total oxygen content of gear steel was obtained. Under the experimental condition, with the decrease in total oxygen content, the density of the number of oxide inclusions decreases continuously, among which 5–10 μm small inclusions decrease most obviously. In contrast, the number density of large inclusions above 10 μm does not change obviously. Moreover, the results of the extreme value method and fatigue test show that when total oxygen mass fraction is high (0.0013%), the size of maximum oxide inclusion in the steel is relatively large, which is more than 10 μm higher than the inclusion in 0.0010% or 0.0005% total oxygen steel. Simultaneously, when total oxygen mass fraction is low (≤0.0010%), the change of total oxygen mass fraction (0.0010% and 0.0005%) has little effect on the maximum inclusion size in steel.
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Key words:
- gear steel /
- total oxygen /
- nonmetallic inclusion /
- maximum size /
- extreme value method
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圖 2 實驗鋼中非金屬夾雜物類型及典型形貌。（a），（b），（c）氧化物夾雜；（d）硫化物夾雜；（e）復合型夾雜物
Figure 2. Types and typical morphology of nonmetallic inclusions in test steels: (a), (b), (c) oxide inclusion; (d) sulfide inclusion; (e) oxide–sulfide complex inclusion
圖 3 三類非金屬氧化物夾雜典型能譜。（a）Al2O3；（b）MgO–Al2O3：（c）CaO–Al2O3
Figure 3. Typical EDS of three kinds of nonmetallic oxide inclusions: (a) Al2O3; (b) MgO–Al2O3: (c) CaO–Al2O3
圖 4 不同總氧含量實驗鋼中氧化物夾雜物成分分布。（a）1號鋼；（b）2號鋼；（c）3號鋼
Figure 4. Composition distribution of oxide inclusions in different total oxygen content steels: (a) Steel No.1; (b) Steel No.2; (c) Steel No.3
圖 5 總氧含量對實驗鋼中氧化物夾雜數量密度的影響
Figure 5. Effect of total oxygen content on the density of oxide inclusions in test steels
圖 6 總氧含量對實驗鋼中氧化物夾雜分布的影響。（a）1號鋼；（b）2號鋼；（c）3號鋼
Figure 6. Effect of total oxygen content on the distribution of oxide inclusions in test steels: (a) Steel No.1; (b) Steel No.2; (c) Steel No.3
圖 7 極值法預測不同總氧含量實驗鋼中最大夾雜物尺寸
Figure 7. Prediction of the maximum inclusion size in steels with different total oxygen content by the extreme value method
圖 8 疲勞斷口上典型夾雜物及其能譜。（a）CaO–Al2O3；（b）MgO–Al2O3
Figure 8. Typical inclusions of fatigue fracture and their EDS: (a) CaO–Al2O3；(b) MgO–Al2O3
圖 9 總氧含量對鋼中最大夾雜物尺寸的影響
Figure 9. Effect of total oxygen content on the size of the largest inclusions in steels
表 1 實驗鋼的化學成分(質量分數)
Table 1. Chemical composition of experimental steel
% Steel No. C Si Mn Cr Al Ti P S O 1 0.18 0.07 1.23 1.21 0.02 <0.001 <0.015 <0.035 0.0013 2 0.17 0.07 1.22 1.22 0.03 <0.001 <0.015 <0.035 0.0010 3 0.17 0.07 1.24 1.24 0.03 <0.001 <0.015 <0.035 0.0005 
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表 2 實驗鋼中氧化物夾雜數量密度
Table 2. Number density of oxide inclusions in test steels
mm–2 Steel No. 5–10 μm 10–15 μm 15–20 μm ≥20 μm Total 1 1.47 0.12 0.03 0.07 1.69 2 0.54 0.13 0.12 0.04 0.83 3 0.06 0.01 0 0 0.07
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