Reliability life analysis of reinforced concrete in a salt corrosion environment based on a three-parameter Weibull distribution
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摘要: 為研究鋼筋混凝土在耦合鹽環境中的腐蝕劣化規律及壽命分布，將鋼筋混凝土試件置于0.32 mol·L?1 NaCl和0.4 mol·L?1 MgSO4鹽溶液中，利用電化學工作站定期無損檢測，以極化曲線、交流阻抗圖譜及電化學參數指標進行耐久性分析，選擇3參數Weibull進行可靠性建模，通過Anderson-Darling法（A-D）進行先驗假設檢驗，采用相關系數優化法(CCOM)、極大似然法(MLM)及矩估計法(MEM)進行參數估計，綜合可靠度曲線、密度曲線、失效率曲線對鋼筋混凝土在氯鹽、硫酸鹽、鎂鹽腐蝕環境中的壽命進行分析，研究結果表明：腐蝕離子綜合作用下，極化曲線逐漸向腐蝕電流密度增大和負電位方向移動，交流阻抗圖譜不斷左移并向阻抗實部收縮，鋼筋銹蝕發生的阻力逐漸減小，概率逐漸增大。可靠性壽命曲線初期保持不變，后期加速下降，密度曲線呈單峰對稱狀，失效率曲線初始基本保持不變，后期線性增加。3種參數估計方法中，CCOM和MLM參數估計值相近且穩定準確，所得可靠性壽命曲線相似，MEM參數估計值誤差較大，對于鋼筋混凝土加速試驗得到的小樣本失效數據建議用CCOM和MLM進行參數估計，并進行可靠性壽命分析。C35鋼筋混凝土在硫酸鎂及氯化鈉腐蝕環境中的可靠性壽命周期約為760 d。Abstract: To study the corrosion law and life distribution of reinforced concrete in a coupled salt environment, the reinforced concrete specimens were placed in 0.32 mol·L?1 NaCl and 0.4 mol·L?1 MgSO4 salt solutions. The performance of reinforced concrete was tested regularly using an electrochemical workstation. The durability was analyzed through a polarization curve, an AC impedance spectrum, and electrochemical parameters. A three-parameter Weibull distribution was selected for reliability modeling, and a prior false test was performed by the Anderson-Darling (A-D) method. The parameters were estimated by the correlation coefficient optimization method (CCOM), maximum likelihood method (MLM), and moment estimation method (MEM). The reliability curve, density curve, and failure rate curve were each used to analyze the life of reinforced concrete in chloride, sulfate, and magnesium-based corrosion environments. Results show that under the combined action of corrosion ions, the polarization curve gradually moves toward increasing corrosion current density and negative potential, and the AC impedance spectrum moves to the left and shrinks to the real part of the impedance. The resistance of steel bar corrosion gradually decreases whereas the probability gradually increases. The reliability curve is unchanged at the initial stage and rapidly decreases at the later stage. The density curve is symmetric with a single peak, and the failure rate curve remains unchanged at the initial stage and increases linearly at the later stage. Among the three-parameter estimation methods, CCOM and MLM parameter estimation values are similar, stable, and accurate, and the obtained reliability curves are similar. It is suggested that CCOM and MLM should be used for parameter estimation and reliability analysis of small sample failure data that is obtained from an accelerated test of reinforced concrete. The reliability life of C35 reinforced concrete in magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride corrosion environments is about 760 d.
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圖 1 電化學測試及三電極體系圖。（a）電化學現場測試圖；（b）三電極體系
Figure 1. Electrochemical test and three-electrode system diagram：(a) field electrochemical test; (b) three electrode system
圖 4 電化學參數圖。（a）腐蝕電位Ecorr與腐蝕電流密度icorr；（b）腐蝕速率CR與極化電阻Rp
Figure 4. Electrochemical parameter diagram: (a) corrosion potential Ecorr and corrosion current density icorr; (b) corrosion rate CR and polarization resistance Rp
表 1 混凝土配合比設計
Table 1. Concrete mix design
kg·m?3 Cement Fly ash Aggregate Sand Water Corrosion inhibition Water-binder ratio Water reducer Compressive strength/MPa Slump/mm 300 90 1153 621 148.2 36 0.38 1.8 39.6 180 
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表 2 P.O 42.5水泥及粉煤灰化學成分（質量分數）
Table 2. Chemical composition of P.O 42.5 cement and fly ash
% Raw materials Ignition loss SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 Cement 1.62 26.38 9.61 4.34 50.09 3.16 2.01 Fly ash 5.4 44.36 25.13 12.64 11.94 0.82 1.23
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表 3 腐蝕電流密度與鋼筋銹蝕程度的對應關系[17]
Table 3. Corresponding relationship between corrosion current density and corrosion degree of reinforcement[17]
icorr/(μA·cm?2) Corrosion status icorr <0.2 Passivation state 0.2< icorr <0.5 Low corrosion condition state 0.5< icorr <1.0 Moderate corrosion condition state 1.0< icorr <10 Higher corrosion condition state icorr >10 Highest corrosive condition state
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表 4 腐蝕電位與鋼筋銹蝕程度的對應關系[18]
Table 4. Corresponding relationship between corrosion potential and corrosion degree of reinforcement[18]
American standard?ASTMC876 Chinese metallurgical ministry standard Potential range/mV Corrosion discriminant Potential range/mV Corrosion discriminant >?200 5% probability of corrosion >?250 No rust (?200)?(?350) 50% probability of corrosion (?250)?(?400) Maybe corroded <?350 95% probability of corrosion <?400 Rust
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表 5 鋼筋混凝土試件失效天數匯總表
Table 5. Summary of the failure days of reinforced concrete specimens
Functional form Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3 t/d R2 t/d R2 t/d R2 Exponential function 740 0.95105 736 0.94177 729 0.95045 Power function 747 0.95999 741 0.95129 731 0.95884 Cubic function 748 0.96468 742 0.95688 732 0.96425
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表 6 參數估計值匯總表
Table 6. Parameter estimate summary
Estimation method U V δ CCOM 725.4 1.83 15.41 MLM 728.0 1.50 11.43 MEM 560.0 3.47 113.44
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