云南某膠磷礦AMICS工藝礦物學研究及其難選機理探討

吳中賢; 陶東平

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.02.24.001

云南某膠磷礦AMICS工藝礦物學研究及其難選機理探討

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.02.24.001

吳中賢¹,
陶東平^2, ,

1.
遼寧科技大學礦業工程學院，鞍山 114051
2.
山東理工大學資源與環境工程學院，淄博 255049

基金項目: 遼寧省攀登學者人才資助項目；遼寧省重點資助項目（2017230002）

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E-mail：dptao@qq.com

中圖分類號: TD912
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-02-24
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-26

Mineralogical analysis of collophane in Yunnan using AMICS and exploration of difficult flotation mechanisms

WU Zhong-xian¹,
TAO Dong-ping^{2
, ,}

1.
School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
2.
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: dptao@qq.com

摘要

摘要: 為了深入探討膠磷礦難選的具體原因，采用化學分析、X射線衍射以及礦物自動分析系統（AMICS）測試手段對云南某膠磷礦浮選給料進行了系統深入的工藝礦物學研究，探索了該礦樣難浮選分離的內在機理。結果表明：該樣品中磷主要以氟磷灰石形式存在，其脈石礦物以白云石和石英為主。氟磷灰石的嵌布粒度較細，主要分布于10～75 μm的粒度范圍，其單體解離度為59.17%。除了以單體的形式存在以外，氟磷灰石主要與白云石、石英連生，連生體的質量分數分別為26.23%和9.92%。而白云石和石英的單體解離度相對較低，分別為46.82%和39.10%。進行了粗選脫鎂、一粗兩掃脫硅的閉路流程浮選試驗，獲得了精礦P₂O₅品位為29.75%、P₂O₅回收率為81.95%，SiO₂品位為12.63%的浮選指標。結合工藝礦物學分析結果，指出該浮選樣品中膠磷礦嵌布粒度細、難以獲得較好的解離度、泥化嚴重是浮選難于獲得更好指標的主要原因。
- 礦物自動分析系統 /
- 工藝礦物學 /
- 膠磷礦 /
- 浮選 /
- 難選機理
Abstract: It is a global fact that the mineral ores degrade to the poor grade status and the various properties of ores are adversely altered such as fine dissemination and complex composition due to the continuous exploitation and utilization of phosphate rock resources. Consequently, separation of minerals has become a difficult and daunting task. The automatic mineral identification and characterization system (AMICS) is mostly used only for mineral characterization. There is no much research and literature on process mineralogy that integrates research parameters with flotation test results to quantitatively explore the mechanism of difficulties or problems faced during mineral separation. In this paper, to further explore and analyze the specific reasons for difficult problems faced while separating collophanite, a systematic in-depth mineralogical analysis based on the chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction, and AMICS has been performed on a refractory collophane flotation feed sample from Yunnan, China. The results show that the phosphorus in the sample mainly exists in the form of fluorapatite and also present in the gangue minerals, which are primarily dolomite and quartz. Fluorapatite has a fine dissemination particle size, which is in the range of 10–75 μm with a degree of mineral liberation 59.17%. Apart from existing in the form of liberated particles, fluorapatite is also present in dolomite and quartz as a composite particle and the mass fraction of composition in dolomite and quartz is found to be 26.23% and 9.92%, respectively. Further, dolomite and quartz relatively have a low degree of mineral liberation with the liberation degree of 46.82% and 39.10%, respectively. The closed-circuit flotation test was carried out with a rougher flotation to remove magnesium. Further a roughing and two stages of scavenging is performed which obtained the flotation performance of concentrate P₂O₅ grade of 29.75%, P₂O₅ recovery of 81.95%, and SiO₂ grade of 12.63%. When the results were studied together with the mineralogical analysis results, it is found that the fine dissemination particle size of collophanite, the poor degree of mineral liberation, and the serious slime generation are the main causes for not able to achieving a better performance in separation of minerals.
- automatic mineral identification and characterization system (AMICS) /
- process mineralogy /
- collophane /
- flotation /
- refractory mechanisms

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圖 1 主要礦物粒度分布

Figure 1. Particle size distribution of main minerals

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圖 2 各粒級下氟磷灰石與其他礦物的連生情況

Figure 2. Association of fluorapatite with other minerals under different grain sizes

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圖 3 各粒級下白云石與其他礦物的連生情況

Figure 3. Association of dolomite with other minerals under different grain sizes

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圖 4 白云石與氟磷灰石連生情況

Figure 4. Association of dolomite and fluorapatite

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圖 5 各粒級下石英與其他礦物的連生情況

Figure 5. Association of quartz with other minerals under different grain sizes

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圖 6 石英與氟磷灰石連生情況

Figure 6. Association of quartz and fluorapatite

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圖 7 不同粒級產品的單體含量

Figure 7. Liberated particle content of products with different particle sizes

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圖 8 開路流程試驗

Figure 8. Open circuit flotation flowsheet test

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圖 9 開路流程各產品粒度分析

Figure 9. Particle size analysis of each product in the open circuit process

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圖 10 閉路浮選流程試驗

Figure 10. Closed-circuit flotation flowsheet

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圖 11 各產品中P₂O₅分布率與顆粒粒度的關系

Figure 11. Relationship between P₂O₅ distribution rate and particle size in various products

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表 1 浮選藥劑

Table 1. Flotation reagents

Name	Application	Specifications	Manufacturer
Hydrochloric acid	pH Regulator	AR	Aladdin
Sodium hexametaphosphate	Depressant	AR	Aladdin
Sodium oleate	Dolomite collector	AR	Aladdin
KDJ	Quartz collector	AR	Made in laboratory
Notice：AR means analytical reagent.

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表 2 原礦化學多元素分析結果

Table 2. Results of chemical multi-element analysis of raw ore %

P₂O₅	MgO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	F	CaO	Fe₂O₃
21.23	6.41	14.08	1.58	3.00	51.01	1.747

K₂O	TiO₂	MnO	ZnO	SrO	ZrO₂	Na₂O
0.448	0.096	0.0691	0.0215	0.0753	0.0031	0.23

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表 3 原礦樣品主要礦物的質量分數

Table 3. Mass fraction of main minerals in raw ore samples %

Fluorapatite	Dolomite	Quartz	Augite	Orthoclase	Kimzeyite
60.96	23.73	10.95	0.1	0.3	0.96

Armstrongite	Isokite	Calcite	Illite	Others
0.89	0.12	0.37	0.51	1.11

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表 4 氟磷灰石的連體情況統計

Table 4. Statistics on composite particles of fluorapatite %

The mosaic type	Fluorapatite	Fluorapatite– dolomite	Fluorapatite– quartz	Fluorapatite– other
Mass fraction	59.57	26.23	9.92	4.27

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表 5 白云石連體情況

Table 5. Statistics of composite particles of dolomite %

The mosaic type	Dolomite	Dolomite– fluorapatite	Dolomite– quartz	Dolomite– other
Mass fraction	46.20	43.67	6.09	4.04

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表 6 石英連體情況

Table 6. Statistics of composite particles of quartz %

The mosaic type	Quartz	Quartz– fluorapatite	Quartz– dolomite	Quartz– other
Mass fraction	41.73	39.04	11.18	8.05

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