1300 MPa級Nb微合金化DH鋼的組織性能

梁江濤; 趙征志; 劉錕; 韓赟; 潘輝; 惠亞軍; 曹榮華; 路洪洲; 郭愛民

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.01.13.002

1300 MPa級Nb微合金化DH鋼的組織性能

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.01.13.002

梁江濤^{1, 2, 3},
趙征志^2, ,,
劉錕^{1, 3},
韓赟^{1, 3},
潘輝^{1, 3},
惠亞軍^{1, 3},
曹榮華^{1, 3},
路洪洲⁴,
郭愛民⁴

1.
首鋼集團有限公司技術研究院，北京 100043
2.
北京科技大學鋼鐵共性技術協同創新中心，北京 100083
3.
綠色可循環鋼鐵流程北京市重點實驗室，北京 100043
4.
中信金屬有限公司，北京 100004

基金項目: 國家十三五重點研發資助課題（2017YFB0304400）；國家自然科學基金資助項目（51574028）；中信鈮鋼發展獎勵基金資助項目（2017FWNB3077）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：zhaozhzhi@ustb.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG111.91; TG142.1
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-01-13
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-26

Microstructure and properties of 1300-MPa grade Nb microalloying DH steel

LIANG Jiang-tao^{1, 2, 3},
ZHAO Zheng-zhi^{2
, ,},
LIU Kun^{1, 3},
HAN Yun^{1, 3},
PAN Hui^{1, 3},
HUI Ya-jun^{1, 3},
CAO Rong-hua^{1, 3},
LU Hong-zhou⁴,
GUO Ai-min⁴

1.
Sheet Metal Research Institute, Shougang Research Institute of Technology, Beijing 100043, China
2.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recyclable Process for Iron & Steel Production, Beijing 100043, China
4.
CITIC metal co., LTD, Beijing 100004, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：zhaozhzhi@ustb.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 設計了不同相構成的超高強DH鋼，抗拉強度均大于1300 MPa，組織由鐵素體、馬氏體、殘留奧氏體和極少量碳化物構成。對比了不同相構成對超高強DH鋼力學性能和應變硬化行為等的影響，并深入研究了殘留奧氏體在超高強度DH鋼中的作用機制。結果表明：隨著馬氏體和殘留奧氏體體積分數的增大，鐵素體體積分數的減小，實驗鋼屈服和抗拉強度同時升高，而延伸率呈先增大后減小趨勢。軟韌相鐵素體體積分數的減小和硬相馬氏體體積分數的增大導致屈服強度和抗拉強度增加。相對于回火馬氏體，淬火馬氏體對強度的提升更顯著，在拉伸過程中轉變的殘留奧氏體的量是引起延伸率變化的主要原因，組織中顯著的帶狀組織會造成頸縮后延伸率的明顯降低。通過對應變硬化行為的分析表明，隨著真應變的增大，應變硬化率呈減小的趨勢，在真應變大于2%后的大范圍內，對于應變硬化率，DH1>DH2>DH3，主要與鐵素體體積分數有關；在真應變大于5.73%后，DH2鋼的應變硬化率高于DH1鋼和DH3鋼，主要與DH2鋼中更顯著的TRIP效應有關。除了殘留奧氏體體積分數，殘留奧氏體中的碳含量對TRIP效應同樣有顯著的影響。較高比例的硬相馬氏體組織結合適當比例的軟韌相鐵素體和殘留奧氏體有助于DH2鋼獲得最良好的強塑積13.17 GPa·%，其中屈服強度達880 MPa，抗拉強度達1497 MPa，均勻延伸率為6.71%，總伸長率為8.8%，頸縮后延伸率為2.09%，屈強比0.59。
- 超高強DH鋼 /
- 馬氏體 /
- 鐵素體 /
- 殘留奧氏體 /
- 力學性能 /
- 應變硬化行為
Abstract: In this study, ultra-high-strength DH steels with different phase compositions were designed, their tensile strengths were greater than 1300 MPa, and the multiphase microstructures contained ferrite, martensite, retained austenite, and small amounts of carbides. The effects of different phase compositions on the mechanical properties and strain hardening behaviors of the ultra-high-strength DH steels were compared, and the mechanism of the retained austenite in the ultra-high-strength DH steels was comprehensively studied. The results show that with the increase in the volume fraction of martensite and retained austenite and decrease in the ferrite volume fraction, the yield strength and tensile strength increase, whereas, the elongation rate first increase and then decrease. The decrease in the soft-phase ferrite volume fraction and increase in the volume fraction of the hard martensite phase led to an increase in yield strength and tensile strength. Compared with tempered martensite, quenched martensite could improve the strength more significantly. The retained austenite transformed in the tensile process was the main cause of the change in elongation. The remarkable banded structure in the microstructure will cause a significant decrease in elongation after necking. The analysis of the strain hardening behavior show that the strain hardening rate decrease with the increase in the true strain. When the true strain was greater than 2%, the strain hardening rate of the steels followed the order: DH1 > DH2 > DH3; this trend was mainly influenced by the ferrite volume fraction. The strain hardening rate of DH2 was higher than those of DH1 and DH3 when the true strain was greater than 5.73%, which was mainly related to the more significant transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect in the DH2. In addition to the retained austenite volume fraction, the carbon content in the retained austenite also had a significant effect on the TRIP effect. The high proportion of the hard-phase martensite, appropriate proportion of the soft-ductile-phase ferrite, and retained austenite contributed to the DH2 steel having the greatest tensile strength and elongation (13.17 GPa·%); moreover, the yield strength was 880 MPa, tensile strength was 1497 MPa, uniform elongation was 6.71%, total elongation was 8.8%, elongation after necking was 2.09%, and yield ratio was 0.59.
- ultra-high-strength DH steel /
- martensite /
- ferrite /
- retained austenite /
- mechanical properties /
- strain hardening behavior

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圖 1 測量T_Ac1和T_Ac3的膨脹量–溫度曲線

Figure 1. Measurement of expansion–temperature curves of T_Ac1 and T_Ac3

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圖 2 測量T_Ms和T_Mf的膨脹量–溫度曲線

Figure 2. Measurement of expansion–temperature curve of T_Ms and T_Mf

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圖 3 實驗鋼的SEM照片。（a）DH1；（b）DH2；（c）DH3

Figure 3. SEM images of the tested steels: (a) DH1; (b) DH2; (c) DH3

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圖 4 實驗鋼的EBSD照片。（a）DH1；（b）DH2；（c）DH3

Figure 4. EBSD photos of the tested steels: (a) DH1; (b) DH2; (c) DH3

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圖 5 實驗鋼中各相體積分數

Figure 5. Volume fraction of each phase in the tested steels

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圖 6 DH2實驗鋼的TEM圖

Figure 6. TEM photographs of DH2 the tested steels

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圖 7 實驗鋼的XRD譜線（a）和實驗鋼中殘留奧氏體體積分數及殘留奧氏體中碳元素的質量分數（b）

Figure 7. XRD patterns of the tested steels (a) and retained austenite volume fraction and carbon mass fraction in retained austenite of the tested steels (b)

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圖 8 DH2實驗鋼中殘留奧氏體TEM照片。（a）塊狀殘留奧氏體明場像；（b）塊狀殘留奧氏體暗場像；（c）薄膜狀殘留奧氏體明場像；（d）薄膜狀殘留奧氏體暗場像

Figure 8. TEM images of retained austenite in DH2 steel: (a) bright-field image of block retained austenite; (b) dark-field image of block retained austenite; (c) bright-field image of retained austenite film; (d) dark field image of retained austenite film

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圖 9 實驗鋼的工程應力–應變曲線

Figure 9. Engineering stress–strain curves of the tested steels

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圖 10 實驗鋼的真應力–真應變曲線和應變硬化曲線

Figure 10. True stress–strain and strain hardening curves of the tested steels

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表 1 實驗鋼的主要化學成分 (質量分數)

Table 1. Main chemical composition of the tested steel %

C	Si	Mn	Cr	Nb	Fe
0.17–0.20	0.13–0.15	1.90–2.20	0.08–0.12	0.03–0.05	Bal.

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表 2 實驗鋼的力學性能

Table 2. Mechanical properties of the tested steels

Steel	Yield strength / MPa	Ultimate tensile strength / MPa	Uniform elongation / %	Total elongation / %	Post uniform elongation / %	Yield ratio	Ultimate tensile strength× Total elongation / (GPa·%)
DH1	660	1385	6.19	6.73	0.54	0.48	9.32
DH2	880	1497	6.71	8.8	2.09	0.59	13.17
DH3	960	1534	5.12	6.76	1.64	0.63	10.40

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