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摘要: 通過對不同廠家或產線生產的相近成分和顯微組織的8種低合金工程結構鋼樣品進行中性鹽霧加速腐蝕試驗，結合成分測試、微觀組織分析、腐蝕產物分析及數據統計與計算擬合等方法，提出了評價低合金結構鋼耐蝕性的綜合耐蝕指數及其包含鋼材成分、夾雜物、組織及晶粒度等多因素的數學表達式。研究結果表明，低合金工程結構鋼的耐蝕性除與傳統的耐蝕指數I相關外，還受鋼中夾雜物、顯微組織、晶粒度等多種材料因素的耦合影響，其影響程度按從大到小排序依次為耐蝕合金元素所決定的耐蝕指數I、夾雜物總量、珠光體含量和晶粒度級別。綜合耐蝕指數Y可作為比耐蝕指數I指數更有效的低合金鋼耐蝕性判據，具有重要的工程應用價值。Abstract: Low-alloy engineering structural steel is widely used in many fields, because of its good mechanical and processing properties. The corrosion resistance of low-alloy engineering structural steel is related not only to chemical composition but also to microstructure, inclusions, grain size, and other factors. However, at present, the direct and fast criterion for evaluating the corrosion resistance of low-alloy structural steel, i.e., the corrosion resistance index I, in the ASTM Standard and China National Standards only involves the chemical composition of low-alloy structural steel and ignores the microstructure, inclusions, and grain size. In the literature on the corrosion resistance of low-alloy structural steel, the coupled effect of chemical composition and other material factors on corrosion resistance and the quantitative analysis of each factor have not been reported. Therefore, a new corrosion resistance index for low-alloy structural steel that includes more factors needs to be proposed. Through the neutral salt spray accelerated corrosion test of eight kinds of low-alloy engineering structural steels with similar composition and microstructure produced by different manufacturers or production lines, combined with the methods of composition test, microstructure analysis, corrosion product analysis, data statistics, and calculation fitting, a composite corrosion resistance index Y for low-alloy structural steel was proposed, and a quantitative index formula containing several factors, including chemical composition, inclusions, microstructure, and grain size, was established. Results show that the corrosion resistance of low-alloy structural steel is affected by the coupling of many material factors, not only the traditional corrosion resistance index I but also inclusions, microstructure, and grain size. The degree of influence is in the order of corrosion resistance index I determined by corrosion-resistant alloy elements, total inclusions, pearlite content, and grain size. The composite corrosion resistance index can be used as an effective criterion for the corrosion resistance of low-alloy structural steel and is of significance in engineering applications.
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圖 1 8種試驗鋼樣品鹽霧試驗后的宏觀形貌。（a）1#；（b）2#；（c）3#；（d）4#；（e）5#；（f）6#；（g）7#；（h）8#
Figure 1. Macromorphologies of the steel samples after the salt spray test: (a) 1#; (b) 2#; (c) 3#; (d) 4#; (e) 5#; (f) 6#; (g)7#; (h) 8#
圖 2 8種試驗鋼樣品銹層X射線衍射圖譜
Figure 2. XRD patterns of the corrosion products formed on the steel samples
圖 3 8種試驗鋼樣品除銹后的微觀形貌。（a）1#；（b）2#；（c）3#；（d）4#；（e）5#；（f）6#；（g）7#；（h）8#
Figure 3. Micromorphologies of the steel samples after rust removal: (a) 1#; (b) 2#; (c) 3#; (d) 4#; (e) 5#; (f) 6#; (g) 7#; (h) 8#
圖 4 8種試驗鋼樣品金相組織。（a）1#；（b）2#；（c）3#；（d）4#；（e）5#；（f）6#；（g）7#；（h）8#
Figure 4. Microstructures of the steel samples: (a) 1#; (b) 2#; (c) 3#; (d) 4#; (e) 5#; (f) 6#; (g) 7#; (h) 8#
圖 5 8種試驗鋼樣品夾雜物形貌。（a）1#；（b）2#；（c）3#；（d）4#；（e）5#；（f）6#；（g）7#；（h）8#
Figure 5. Morphologies of the inclusions in the steel samples: (a) 1#; (b) 2#; (c) 3#; (d) 4#; (e) 5#; (f) 6#; (g) 7#; (h) 8#
圖 6 8種試驗鋼鹽霧試驗后的失重率與耐蝕性指數、珠光體面積百分比、晶粒度級別和夾雜物面積百分比的關系
Figure 6. Relationship between the mass loss ratio and the corrosion resistance index, area percentage of pearlite, grain grade, and area percentage of inclusions
表 1 試驗鋼樣品的化學成分（質量分數）
Table 1. Chemical composition of the steel samples
% Sample C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu V Ti Nb Fe 1# 0.12 0.19 1.43 0.014 0.003 0.033 0.010 0.015 0.005 0.019 0.001 Bal 2# 0.18 0.20 1.28 0.015 0.003 0.028 0.013 0.024 0.005 0.035 0.001 Bal 3# 0.17 0.24 1.17 0.015 0.002 0.035 0.010 0.014 0.004 0.010 0.010 Bal 4# 0.18 0.24 0.91 0.010 0.004 0.026 0.015 0.019 0.003 0.0024 0.009 Bal 5# 0.16 0.19 1.21 0.011 0.002 0.043 0.045 0.020 0.004 0.010 0.001 Bal 6# 0.14 0.15 1.48 0.010 0.006 0.016 0.006 0.008 0.005 0.015 0.002 Bal 7# 0.18 0.23 0.91 0.014 0.007 0.030 0.011 0.012 0.003 0.0028 0.010 Bal 8# 0.18 0.23 0.92 0.014 0.008 0.030 0.011 0.012 0.003 0.0028 0.010 Bal 
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表 2 八種試驗鋼樣品的耐蝕指數I值
Table 2. Corrosion resistance index of the steel samples
1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# 8# 0.99 1.24 1.05 1.10 1.20 0.64 0.97 0.97
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表 3 8種試驗鋼樣品的質量損失率
Table 3. Mass loss ratio of the steel samples
% 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# 8# 1.11 2.02 2.80 2.84 3.00 3.02 3.06 3.29
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表 4 八種鋼樣品晶粒度級別及組織含量
Table 4. Grain size and percentage of pearlite/ferrite
Sample Grain size grade/
Grain diameter/μmArea percentage
of pearlite/%Area percentage
of ferrite/%1# 9/17 20.13 79.87 2# 8.5/20 24.22 75.78 3# 9.5/13 22.29 67.72 4# 10/12 24.73 75.27 5# 8.5/19 38.82 61.18 6# 10.5/10 37.29 62.71 7# 9/16 23.14 76.86 8# 9/15 38.49 61.51
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表 5 8種試驗鋼樣品夾雜物評級及夾雜物所占面積
Table 5. Inclusion grade and percentage of the inclusion area of the steel samples
Sample Inclusion grade Area percentage of inclusion /% 1# C 0.5e+D 1 0.05630 2# C 0.5e+D 0.5 0.04055 3# C 1e+D 1e 0.12769 4# A 0.5+C 1e+D 1 0.11457 5# C 0.5+D 1 0.05512 6# C 1+D 1.5 0.08360 7# C 1+D 0.5 0.08123 8# A 0.5+C 1+D 0.5 0.07664
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