低濃度拜耳赤泥充填材料制備及水化機理

劉娟紅; 周在波; 吳愛祥; 王貽明

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.11.25.001

低濃度拜耳赤泥充填材料制備及水化機理

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.11.25.001

劉娟紅^{1, 2, 3},
周在波^1, ,,
吳愛祥^{1, 3},
王貽明^{1, 3}

1.
北京科技大學土木與資源工程學院，北京 100083
2.
北京科技大學城市地下空間工程北京市重點實驗室，北京 100083
3.
北京科技大學金屬礦山高效開采與安全教育部重點實驗室，北京 100083

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金重點資助項目（51834001）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：zhouzaibo@126.com

中圖分類號: TB321
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-25

Preparation and hydration mechanism of low concentration Bayer red mud filling materials

LIU Juan-hong^{1, 2, 3},
ZHOU Zai-bo^{1
, ,},
WU Ai-xiang^{1, 3},
WANG Yi-ming^{1, 3}

1.
College of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of High-efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: zhouzaibo@126.com

摘要

摘要: 針對礦山充填中拜耳法赤泥利用率較低或低濃度赤泥充填材料存在強度低、泌水量高、易收縮等問題，研究粉煤灰添加比例、脫硫石膏、石灰及激發劑對赤泥充填材料早期強度及體積穩定性的影響，采用掃描電子顯微鏡-能譜儀（SEM-EDS）和X射線衍射（XRD）分析手段探討赤泥基充填材料的水化機理。結果表明，脫硫石膏促進鈣礬石的生成，石灰促進粉煤灰火山灰效應，激發劑可以加快赤泥?粉煤灰水化反應進程，三者協同作用提高赤泥充填體強度。充填材料28 d抗壓強度3.35 MPa，且初始及60 min流動度在200 mm以上。微觀實驗表明，硬化體水化產物為鈣礬石、硬柱石、硅鋁酸鹽凝膠類礦物，水化產物通過填充孔隙，提高漿體強度。赤泥基充填材料固體廢棄物利用率達到92%，無泌水，無沉縮，具有較高的經濟價值和環保價值。
- 低濃度 /
- 拜耳法赤泥 /
- 充填材料 /
- 制備 /
- 水化機理
Abstract: Red mud is a solid waste produced in the process of bauxite refining alumina, with high alkali content, and its treatment methods are mainly stacking and ocean dumping, which not only occupy a large amount of cultivated land and pollute land and water sources, but also have high safety risk. The preparation of red mud-based filling materials to fill the underground goaf can improve the utilization rate of mineral resources and reduce the harm of red mud to the environment, which has the effect of killing two birds with one stone. In view of the problems of low utilization rate of bayer red mud in mine filling system, low strength, bleeding and shrinkage in filling materials slurry with low concentration, the effects of the addition ratio of fly ash, desulfurization gypsum, lime and initiator on the early strength and volume stability were studied in this paper. Scanning electron microscope- energy dispersive spectroscope (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the hydration mechanism of the filling materials. The results show that when the ratio of red mud to fly ash is 4∶6, the mechanical properties of the filling material are the best. Desulfurized gypsum promotes the formation of ettringite. Lime promotes the pozzolanic effect of fly ash. The composite activator can accelerate the hydration process of red mud and fly ash. All of this enhance the red mud backfill strength. The filling materials 28 d compressive strength is 3.35 MPa, and the initial and 60 min fluidity are above 200 mm. Microscopic test results show that the hydration products of hardened paste are ettringite, lawsonite, silica aluminate gel, which fill the pores and improve the strength of slurry. Through adding activator, activating red mud activity and designing low concentration filling material, it is the direction of mass and green utilization of red mud, desulfurization gypsum and other solid wastes. The utilization ratio of solid waste of red mud filling materials reaches 92%, no bleeding, no shrinkage, and has high economic value and environmental value.
- low concentration /
- bayer red mud /
- filling materials /
- preparation /
- hydration mechanism

HTML全文

圖 1 赤泥和粉煤灰礦物分析。1—加藤石；2—鈣霞石；3—碳硅鈣石；4—斜硅鈣石；5—石英；6—斜方鈣沸石；7—重硅鈣石；8—鋁酸三鈣；9—硬石膏

Figure 1. Mineral analysis of red mud and fly ash: 1—katoite；2—cancrinite；3—tilleyite；4—belite；5—quartz；6—gismondine；7—reinhardbraunsite；8—tricalcium aluminate；9—anhydrite

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 赤泥–粉煤灰體系不同齡期抗壓強度

Figure 2. Different age compressive strength of red mud?fly ash system

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 脫硫石膏對強度及流動度影響

Figure 3. Effect of desulfurized gypsum on strength and fluidity

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圖 4 石灰對強度和流動度影響

Figure 4. Effect of lime on strength and fluidity

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圖 5 不同激發劑摻量對充填材料影響分析

Figure 5. Effect of different excitagent contents on filling materials

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圖 6 不同齡期X射線衍射圖。a—氫氧化鈣；b—二水石膏；c—鈣礬石；d—硬柱石；其他礦物標注同圖1

Figure 6. XRD patterns of the hydrated pastes at different hydration days: a—calcium hydroxide; b—dihydrate gypsum; c—ettringite, d—lawsonite; other minerals are labeled as shown in Fig.1

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圖 7 不同齡期掃描電鏡圖。（a）G2L2J0養護3 d；（b）G2L2J0養護28 d；（c）G2L2J2養護3 d；（d）G2L2J2養護28 d

Figure 7. Different ages of scanning electron microscopy: (a) G2L2J0 curing for 3 d; (b) G2L2J0 curing for 28 d; (c) G2L2J2 curing for 3 d; (d) G2L2J2 curing for 28 d

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圖 8 不同點位能譜分析

Figure 8. Different point positions of spectral analysis

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表 1 各材料化學組成分析

Table 1. Chemical composition analysis of each material %

Materials	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	K₂O	MgO	CaO	MnO	Na₂O	TiO₂	SO₃	P₂O₅
Red mud	28.75	29.96	8.01	0.86	0.94	19.91	0.05	4.61	5.03	0.94	0.37
Fly ash	44.42	37.93	4.79	0.47	0.29	5.80	0.02	0.16	1.96	3.40	0.43
Lime	2.75	0.96	0.88	0.37	6.05	87.87	—	—	—	0.86	0.08
Desulphurization gypsum	14.55	12.38	1.76	0.29	0.78	29.14	—	0.50	0.70	39.36	0.12

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表 2 自流型充填料漿各組分配比

Table 2. Designed proportion of self-flowing filling slurry

Number	Red mud∶fly ash∶desulfurization gypsum∶lime∶activator	Solid content / %
R3F7	3∶7∶/∶/∶/	60
R4F6	4∶6∶/∶/∶/	60
R5F5	5∶5∶/∶/∶/	60
R6F4	6∶4∶/∶/∶/	60
G1L2J0	4∶6∶0.6∶0.9∶/	58
G2L2J0	4∶6∶0.9∶0.9∶/	58
G3L2J0	4∶6∶1.2∶0.9∶/	58
G2L1J0	4∶6∶0.9∶0.7∶/	58
G2L3J0	4∶6∶0.9∶1.1∶/	58
G2L2J1	4∶6∶0.9∶0.9∶0.1	58
G2L2J2	4∶6∶0.9∶0.9∶0.2	58
G2L2J3	4∶6∶0.9∶0.9∶0.3	58

下載: 導出CSV

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