Simulation of oxygen enrichment characteristics and effect in hypoxia air-conditioning room
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摘要: 利用實驗及CFD模擬軟件分別研究非空調工況下以及空調工況的送氧口個數、送氧口管徑、送氧流量及送氧方式、不同的氣流組織形式(同側上送下回、異側上送下回)等發生變化對密閉建筑缺氧房間的富氧特性及富氧效果的影響. 結果表明: 非空調工況下, 送氧口個數、送氧口管徑、送氧流量及送氧方式不同, 所形成的富氧區域差別較大, 宜采用管徑為6 mm的相背45°的雙送氧口進行送氧, 所形成的富氧面積為最大; 空調工況下, 送氧口個數、送氧口管徑、送氧流量及氣流組織形式不同, 所形成的富氧區域形狀大體相似, 均為"橢圓"形狀, 宜采用送氧口管徑為6 mm的單送氧口且異側上送下回的氣流組織形式; 空調工況下, 送氧流量相同時, 送風風速為0.85 m·s-1所形成的富氧面積比送風風速為1 m·s-1所形成的富氧面積大約20%;當送風風速均為0.85 m·s-1, 送氧流量為1.5 m3·h-1所形成的富氧面積約為0.96 m2, 該富氧面積與單人次活動范圍面積相當, 適宜作為空調工況下缺氧房間單人次的富氧基礎供氧量. 模擬結果可為缺氧空調房間供氧裝置的選擇、布置、降低新風量、降低空調能耗等方面提供參考.Abstract: Experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation were used to analyze the effects of the number and the diameter of oxygen supply ports, the flow rate and the mode of oxygen supply, and different modes of air flow (up-inlet and down-outlet on the same side, or on the different side) on the indoor oxygen enrichment characteristics and the effect of anoxic conditions in a closed buildings with or without air conditioning. Without air conditioning, the number and the diameter of oxygen supply ports, the flow rate and mode of oxygen supply, and formed oxygen-enriched regions are quite different. Using a double-45°-opposite oxygen supply ports with a diameter of 6 mm is advisable. Under the air conditioning condition, the number and the diameter of oxygen supply ports, the flow rate of oxygen supply, and the modes of air flow are different too. The formed oxygen-enriched area are all generally elliptical. It is advisable to use a single oxygen supply port with a diameter of 6 mm and an air flow mode of up-inlet and down-outlet on the different side. When the flow rate of the oxygen supply is the same, the oxygen-enriched area are formed by the wind speed of 0.85 m·s-1 is approximately 20% larger than that formed by the 1 m·s-1 wind speed. When the air supply wind speed is 0.85 m·s-1 and the oxygen supply flow rate is 1.5 m3·h-1, the oxygen-enriched area is approximately 0.96 m2, which is consistent with the area of the single-person activity. It is suitable as the basic oxygen-enriched supply for the single-person under air conditioning conditions where are lack of oxygen.
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Key words:
- air-conditioning room /
- anoxic conditions /
- oxygen-enrichment /
- air distribution
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圖 1 某人工氣候室的物理模型(空調工況，單送氧孔). (a) 異側上送下回; (b) 同側上送下回
Figure 1. Physical model of the artificial climate chamber(air conditioning, single oxygen feeding port): (a) up-inlet and down-outlet on the opposite side; (b) up-inlet and down-outlet on the same side
圖 2 非空調工況下雙送氧口位置示意圖. (a) 豎直向前; (b) 相對45°; (c) 相背45°
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of double oxygen-feeding ports in non-air-conditioning conditions: (a) vertical forward-facing port; (b) 45°-opposing port; (c) 45°-back-to-back port
圖 3 實驗裝置示意圖
1—變壓吸附制氧裝置；2—氧化鋯氧濃度檢測器；3—緩沖罐；4，5，7，8—球閥；6—轉子流量計；9—圓形送氧口；10—數據采集卡；11—上位計算機；12~33—氧濃度傳感器
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the experimental unit
圖 4 非空調工況下模型預測的富氧范圍與實驗值的對比. (a) 單送氧口; (b) 雙送氧口
Figure 4. Comparison of the oxygen-enriched region using the predicted model with experimental results in non-air-conditioning conditions: (a) single oxygen-feeding port; (b) double oxygen-feeding ports
圖 5 非空調工況下單送氧口送氧流量不同時的軸向最大速度分布. (a)送氧口管徑6 mm; (b) 送氧口管徑10 mm
Figure 5. Axial velocity distribution of the single oxygen-feeding port in non-air-conditioning conditions: (a) outlet diameter 6 mm; (b) outlet diameter 10 mm
圖 6 非空調工況下雙送氧口送氧流量相同、送氧方式不同時的軸向最大速度分布. (a) 送氧口管徑6 mm; (b) 送氧口管徑10 mm
Figure 6. The axial maximum velocity distribution of the double oxygen-feeding ports when the oxygen supply flow rate is same, but the oxygen supply mode is different in non-air-conditioning conditions: (a) outlet diameter 6 mm; (b) outlet diameter 10 mm
圖 7 非空調工況下送氧口個數及送氧方式不同時的富氧范圍.(a) 單送氧口; (b) 雙送氧口(送氧口管徑6 mm); (c) 雙送氧口(送氧口管徑10 mm)
Figure 7. Oxygen-enriched region with different oxygen-feeding ports and oxygen-feeding mode in non-air-conditioning conditions: (a) single oxygen-feeding port; (b) double oxygen-feeding ports (outlet diameter 6 mm); (c) double oxygen-feeding ports (outlet diameter 10 mm)
圖 8 空調工況下(Vin=0.85 m·s-1)單送氧口送氧流量及送風方式不同時的軸向最大速度分布. (a) 送氧口管徑6 mm; (b) 送氧口管徑10 mm
Figure 8. Axial velocity distribution of the single oxygen-feeding port with different oxygen flow rates and different air supply methods in air-conditioning conditions (Vin=0.85 m·s-1): (a) outlet diameter 6 mm; (b) outlet diameter 10 mm
圖 9 空調工況下(Vin=0.85 m·s-1)雙送氧口豎直送氧且送氧流量及送風方式不同時的軸向最大速度分布. (a) 送氧口管徑6 mm; (b) 送氧口管徑10 mm
Figure 9. Axial velocity distribution of the double vertical forward-facing oxygen-feeding ports in air-conditioning conditions(Vin=0.85 m·s-1)with different oxygen flow rates and different air supply methods: (a) outlet diameter 6 mm; (b) outlet diameter 10 mm
圖 10 空調工況下(Vin=0.85 m·s-1)單送氧口的送氧流量及送風方式不同時的富氧范圍. (a) 送氧口管徑6 mm; (b) 送氧口管徑10 mm
Figure 10. Oxygen-enriched region with different oxygen flow rates and different air supply methods in air-conditioning conditions(Vin=0.85 m·s-1): (a) outlet diameter 6 mm; (b) outlet diameter 10 mm
圖 11 空調工況下(Vin=0.85 m·s-1)雙送氧口的送氧流量及送風方式不同時的富氧范圍. (a) 送氧口管徑6 mm; (b) 送氧口管徑10 mm
Figure 11. Oxygen-enriched region with different oxygen flow rates and different air supply methods in air-conditioning conditions(Vin=0.85 m·s-1): (a) outlet diameter 6 mm; (b) outlet diameter 10 mm
圖 12 空調工況下送風風速不同時形成的富氧范圍. (a) 送氧流量1 m3·h-1; (b) 送氧流量1.5 m3·h-1; (c) 送氧流量2 m3·h-1
Figure 12. Oxygen-enriched region with different air velocity in air-conditioning conditions: (a)oxygen delivery flow rate of 1 m3·h-1; (b) oxygen delivery flow rate of 1.5 m3·h-1; (c) oxygen delivery flow rate of 2 m3·h-1
表 1 人工氣候室的主要結構參數
Table 1. Structure parameters of the artificial climate chamber
結構參數 數值/m 結構參數 數值/ 送風口直徑 0.15 回風口直徑 0.15 送風口中心位置距地面 2.65 回風口中心位置距地面 0.25 兩送風口中心間距 0.49 兩回風口中心間距 0.49 送氧口直徑(小管徑) 0.006 送氧口直徑(大管徑) 0.01 桌面(長、寬、高) 0.5、0.72、0.05 椅背(長、寬、高) 0.15、0.42、1.1 桌腿(長、寬、高) 0.03、0.03、0.5 椅面(長、寬、高) 0.57、0.42、0.3 
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表 2 非空調工況下的初始條件及內容
Table 2. Numerical simulation conditions and contents in non-air-conditioning conditions
序號 送氧口個數及方式 送氧體積分數/
%送氧口管徑/
mm總送氧流量/
(m3·h-1)單個送氧口流量/
(m3·h-1)送氧流速/
(m·s-1)1 1(豎直) 99 10 2 2 7.08 2 1(豎直) 99 10 1.5 1.5 5.31 3 1(豎直) 99 10 1 1 3.54 4 1(豎直) 99 10 0.5 0.5 1.77 5 1(豎直) 99 10 0.2 0.2 0.71 6 1(豎直) 99 6 2 2 19.66 7 1(豎直) 99 6 1.5 1.5 14.74 8 1(豎直) 99 6 1 1 9.83 9 1(豎直) 99 6 0.5 0.5 4.91 10 1(豎直) 99 6 0.2 0.2 1.96 11 2(豎直、相對45°、相背45°) 99 10 2 1 3.54 12 2(豎直、相對45°、相背45°) 99 10 1.5 0.75 2.66 13 2(豎直、相對45°、相背45°) 99 10 1 0.5 1.77 14 2(豎直、相對45°、相背45°) 99 10 0.5 0.25 0.89 15 2(豎直、相對45°、相背45°) 99 10 0.2 0.1 0.36 16 2(豎直、相對45°、相背45°) 99 6 2 1 9.83 17 2(豎直、相對45°、相背45°) 99 6 1.5 0.75 7.37 18 2(豎直、相對45°、相背45°) 99 6 1 0.5 4.91 19 2(豎直、相對45°、相背45°) 99 6 0.5 0.25 2.46 20 2(豎直、相對45°、相背45°) 99 6 0.2 0.1 0.98
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表 3 空調工況下的空調送、回風的模擬條件
Table 3. Numerical simulation conditions and contents in air-conditioning conditions
空調送風方式 送風速度，
Vin/(m·s-1)空調送風方式 送風速度，
Vin/(m·s-1)同側上送下回 0.85 異側上送下回 0.85 同側上送下回 1 異側上送下回 1 同側上送下回 1.4 異側上送下回 1.4
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表 4 非空調工況下的送氧方式及送氧口流量不同時形成的富氧面積
Table 4. Oxygen-enriched area with different oxygen-feeding modes and oxygen flow rates in non-air-conditioning conditions
序號 總送氧流量/(m3·h-1) 單個送氧口流量/(m3·h-1) 送氧口管徑/mm 送氧口個數及送氧方式 富氧面積/m2 1 1 1 10 1(豎直) 0.66 2 1 1 6 1(豎直) 1.19 3 1 0.5 10 2(豎直) 0.39 4 1 0.5 6 2(豎直) 1.16 5 1 0.5 10 2(相對45°) 0.22 6 1 0.5 6 2(相對45°) 0.79 7 1 0.5 10 2(相背45°) 0.64 8 1 0.5 6 2(相背45°) 1.57
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表 5 空調工況下的送氧方式及送氧口流量不同時形成的富氧面積
Table 5. Oxygen-enriched area with different oxygen-feeding modes and oxygen flow rates in air-conditioning conditions
序號 總送氧流量/(m3·h-1) 單個送氧口流量/(m3·h-1) 送氧口管徑/mm 送氧口個數及送氧方式 空調送風方式 富氧面積/m2 1 1 1 10 1(豎直) 同側上送下回 0.66 2 1 1 10 1(豎直) 異側上送下回 1.19 3 1 1 6 1(豎直) 同側上送下回 0.39 4 1 1 6 1(豎直) 異側上送下回 1.16 5 1 0.5 10 2(豎直) 同側上送下回 0.22 6 1 0.5 10 2(豎直) 異側上送下回 0.79 7 1 0.5 6 2(豎直) 同側上送下回 0.64 8 1 0.5 6 2(豎直) 異側上送下回 1.57
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表 6 空調工況下的空調送風風速不同時形成的富氧面積
Table 6. Oxygen-enriched area with different air velocities in air-conditioning conditions
序號 總送氧流量/(m3·h-1) 送氧口管徑/mm 送氧口個數及送氧方式 空調送風方式 送風風速/(m·s-1) 富氧面積/m2 1 1 6 1(豎直) 異側上送下回 0.85 0.54 2 1 6 1(豎直) 異側上送下回 1 0.42 3 1 6 1(豎直) 異側上送下回 1.4 0.22 4 1.5 6 1(豎直) 異側上送下回 0.85 0.96 5 1.5 6 1(豎直) 異側上送下回 1 0.83 6 1.5 6 1(豎直) 異側上送下回 1.4 0.47 7 2 6 1(豎直) 異側上送下回 0.85 1.73 8 2 6 1(豎直) 異側上送下回 1 1.47 9 2 6 1(豎直) 異側上送下回 1.4 0.84
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