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摘要: 電子皮膚作為一種柔性觸覺仿生傳感器已經廣泛地應用于人體生理參數檢測與機器人觸覺感知等領域。基于金屬和半導體材料的傳統電子皮膚觸覺傳感器，由于柔韌性和可穿戴性差，已經難以滿足實際使用中對拉伸性、便攜性的要求。得益于柔性材料、制造工藝和傳感技術的快速發展，近年來聚二甲基硅氧烷、碳納米管、石墨烯等新材料被用于制備或支撐電子皮膚傳感器，使電子皮膚在性能上更趨于人類皮膚。本文分析討論了電子皮膚新材料以及應用于電子皮膚當中的傳感技術，重點總結了近年來電子皮膚在可拉伸/壓縮性、生物相容性、生物降解性、自供電性、自修復性、溫度敏感性以及多功能集成等方面的研究進展，展望了未來電子皮膚新性能的研究方向以及實現大面積、低成本、多種功能集成電子皮膚傳感器陣列的可能途徑。Abstract: Human skin is an extraordinary organ; it comprises an integrated, stretchable network of sensors that transmits information to the brain about tactile and thermal stimuli, enabling us to safely and efficiently operate in our environment. Researchers have become interested in large-scale electronic device networks inspired by human skin, motivated by the prospect of developing devices such as autonomous smart robots and bionic prostheses. Developing electronic networks consist of flexible, stretchable, and robust devices that are compliant with large-scale implementation and integrated with multiple functionalities is a testament to the progress in developing human-skin like electronic bodies. In the fields of human physiological parameter detection and robot tactile perception, electronic skin has been commonly used as a kind of flexible tactile biomimetic sensor. Conventional electronic skin tactile sensors based on metal and semiconductor materials do not meet the requirements for stretchability and portability during actual use because of poor flexibility and wearability. Attributed to the rapid development of flexible materials, and manufacturing and sensing technologies, new materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), carbon nanotubes, and graphene have been used to prepare or support electronic skin sensors in recent years, thus enabling electronic skin to be more similar to human skin in terms of stretchability, compressibility, and spatial resolution of touch, and other properties. Now, multi-functional integrated electronic skin devices have realized interaction with smart devices to obtain further collection and processing of human body information. This study analyzed and discussed new electronic skin materials and sensing technologies used in electronic skin, including capacitive effects, piezoelectric effects, piezoresistive effects, optical effects, and wireless antenna sensing. We focused on the recent research progress in electronic skin in terms of stretch/compressibility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, self-power, self-healing, temperature sensitivity, and multi-functional integration. Moreover, we anticipate the future research directions of new electronic skin properties and possible ways to achieve large-area, low-cost, multi-function integrated electronic skin sensor arrays.
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Key words:
- electronic skin /
- polydimethylsiloxane /
- carbon nanotubes /
- graphene /
- flexible sensor
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