稀土-鎂復合處理對GCr15軸承鋼中夾雜物的影響

常立忠; 高崗; 鄭福舟; 施曉芳

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.06.008

稀土-鎂復合處理對GCr15軸承鋼中夾雜物的影響

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.06.008

常立忠¹,
高崗^{1, 2},
鄭福舟¹,
施曉芳^1, ,

1.
安徽工業大學冶金工程學院, 馬鞍山 243002
2.
中鋼集團馬鞍山礦山研究院有限公司, 馬鞍山 243000

基金項目:

國家自然科學基金資助項目 51574001

國家自然科學基金資助項目 51504001

鋼鐵冶金新技術國家重點實驗室開放基金資助項目 KF19-05

安徽省高校優秀青年人才支持計劃資助項目 gxyqZD2017034

詳細信息

通訊作者:
施曉芳, E-mail: clz1997@163.com

中圖分類號: TF769.2
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2018-06-16
- 刊出日期: 2019-06-01

Effect of rare earth and magnesium complex treatment on inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel

1.
School of Metallurgy Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
2.
Ma'anshan Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Sinosteel Corporation, Ma!anshan 243000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: SHI Xiao-fang, E-mail: clz1997@163.com

摘要

摘要: 為了盡可能的去除鋼中大顆粒的夾雜物, 在實驗條件下通過向GCr15軸承鋼中添加適量鎂、稀土對夾雜物進行改性, 并利用Aspex夾雜物自動分析儀和掃描電鏡對鋼中改性后的夾雜物尺寸、類型、形貌等進行了觀察、分析, 研究了稀土-鎂復合處理對夾雜物的影響規律.研究結果表明, 對軸承鋼中加入微量鎂處理, 可將未進行鎂處理鋼中的MnS-Al₂O₃、MnS、Al₂O₃夾雜改性為以含硫、鎂復合夾雜物為主, 同時包含少量Al₂O₃、鎂鋁尖晶石夾雜.進一步采用稀土-鎂復合處理后, 鋼中的夾雜物轉變為主要以含Re-S-O夾雜物為主, Al₂O₃、MnS、鎂鋁尖晶石夾雜逐步消失, 且夾雜物成球狀分布, 絕大多數夾雜物在5 μm以下.稀土-鎂復合處理軸承鋼后, 10 μm以上的大顆粒夾雜物大大降低, 鋼中的夾雜物明顯得到細化.鋼中鎂含量不變時, 隨著稀土含量的增加, 大顆粒夾雜物比例明顯下降.而在稀土含量相近的情況下, 增加鋼中的鎂含量也有利于大顆粒夾雜物的去除.稀土-鎂的相互作用進一步促進了夾雜物的細化.
- 軸承鋼 /
- 稀土 /
- 鎂 /
- 夾雜物 /
- 潔凈鋼
Abstract: Bearing steel has very strict requirements on the size, shape, and quantity of non-metallic inclusions. Even if the total oxygen content in steel is kept at very low levels, large inclusions are not completely removed. These large inclusions have a decisive effect on the fatigue life of bearing steel. To remove the large inclusions in the bearing steel as much as possible, the effect of rare earth and magnesium duplex treatment on inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel was investigated by adding moderate rare earth and magnesium to liquid steel under experimental conditions. The size, composition, and morphology of the inclusions were observed by combining Aspex inclusion automatic analysis technology and scanning electron microscope. The experimental results show that the inclusions in steel before modification are mainly composed of MnS-Al₂O₃, MnS, and Al₂O₃, and the inclusions are modified to be composed of a large number of compound inclusions containing sulfur and magnesium and a small amount of Al₂O₃ and magnesia alumina spinel after adding trace magnesium to steel. After complex treatment by rare earth and magnesium, the inclusions are mainly composed of Re-O-S. Al₂O₃, MnS, and magnesia alumina spinel vanish gradually. The inclusions are spherically distributed, and most of them have diameter less than 5 μm. Inclusions with diameters greater than 10 μm are greatly reduced. Thus, the inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel are obviously refined after rare earth and magnesium complex treatment. When the magnesium content in the steel remains unchanged, the proportion of large particle inclusions decreases with increasing content of rare earth. When the content of rare earth is similar, increasing the magnesium content in steel is beneficial to the removal of large particle inclusions. The interaction of rare earth and magnesium further promotes the refinement of inclusions.
- bearing steel /
- rare earth /
- magnesium /
- inclusions /
- clean steel

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圖 1 實驗裝置簡圖

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus

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圖 2 鎂質量分數相近、不同稀土含量時夾雜物的分布. (a) w (Mg) = (7~10) ×10^-6; (b) w (Mg) = (16~17) ×10^-6; (c) w (Mg) = (31~34) ×10^-6

Figure 2. Distribution of inclusions in steel containing different mass fractions of rare earth: (a) w (Mg) = (7~10) ×10^-6; (b) w (Mg) = (16~17) ×10^-6; (c) w (Mg) = (31~34) ×10^-6

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圖 3 w (Re) ≈0.04%時不同Mg含量時夾雜物的分布

Figure 3. Distribution of inclusions in steel containing different magne-sium with w (Re) ≈0.04%

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圖 4 鋼中不同Re、Mg含量對夾雜物性質的影響. (a) w (Re) =0; (b) w (Mg) =34×10^-6

Figure 4. Influence of Re and Mg contents on inclusion composition in steel: (a) w (Re) =0; (b) w (Mg) =34×10^-6

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圖 5 稀土-鎂復合處理后的夾雜物形貌. (a) w (Mg) =7×10^-6; (b) w (Mg) =3.4×10^-5; (c) w (Re) =0.0237%, w (Mg) =1.0×10^-5; (d) w (Re) =0.0401%, w (Mg) =3.1×10^-5

Figure 5. Morphology of typical inclusions in steel with rare earth and magnesium complex treatment: (a) w (Mg) =7×10^-6; (b) w (Mg) =3.4×10^-5; (c) w (Re) =0.0237%, w (Mg) =1.0×10^-5; (d) w (Re) =0.0401%, w (Mg) =3.1×10^-5

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圖 6 鎂處理鋼中典型夾雜物形貌

Figure 6. Morphology of typical inclusions in magnesium treated steel

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圖 7 稀土-鎂處理鋼中典型夾雜物形貌

Figure 7. Morphology of typical inclusions in Re-Mg treated steel

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圖 8 未處理鋼中夾雜物形貌

Figure 8. Morphology of inclusions in untreated steel

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表 1 稀土-鎂處理軸承鋼的化學成分(質量分數)

Table 1. Chemical composition of bearing steel containing different rare earth and magnesium contents ? %

試樣編號	C	Si	Mn	Cr	Ce	La	稀土	w(Mg) /10^-6
1^#	0.96	0.261	0.337	1.436	0.019	0.0047	0.0237	10
2^#	0.95	0.294	0.364	1.468	0.037	0.0050	0.0424	16
3^#	0.98	0.251	0.329	1.467	0.011	0.0060	0.0170	17
4^#	0.95	0.332	0.371	1.462	0.057	0.0097	0.0667	25
5^#	0.95	0.266	0.315	1.484	0.023	0.0171	0.0401	31
6^#	0.98	0.301	0.340	1.416	0.069	0.0218	0.0908	34
7^#	1.01	0.291	0.380	1.555	―	―	―	7
8^#	1.01	0.266	0.354	1.449	―	―	―	34

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表 2 稀土-鎂處理后鋼中不同尺寸夾雜物的占比

Table 2. Statistical results of different size inclusions in the rare earth and magnesium treatment sample ? %

試樣編號	3 ~ 5 μm	5 ~ 10 μm	＞10 μm
1^#	68.16	31.31	0.53
2^#	73.66	25.35	0.99
3^#	71.60	27.50	0.90
4^#	73.17	26.37	0.46
5^#	84.53	15.12	0.35
6^#	90.35	9.41	0.18
7^#	63.28	30.77	5.95
8^#	79.57	17.43	3.00

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表 3 稀土-鎂處理后鋼中各類夾雜物所占比

Table 3. Percentage of various types of inclusions with rare earth and magnesium complex treatment ? Percentage of various types of inclusions with rare earth and magnesium complex treatment

試樣編號	Al-Mg-S-Mn-O	MnS	MnS-MgS	Ce-La-S-Mg-O	Ce-La-S-Mn-O	Ce-La-S-O
1^#	23.97	55.81	0.54	2.33	12.34	0.89
2^#	17.23	20.79	4.95	14.46	25.15	10.10
6^#	0.67	0	0	0.88	10.90	87.33

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表 4 鎂處理鋼中各類夾雜物所占比

Table 4. Percentage of various types of inclusions using magnesium complex treatment ? %

試樣編號	Al-O	Al-Mg-O	Al-Mn-S-O	Al-Mg-O-Mn-S	MnS	MnS-MgS
7^#	0.73	1.45	26.99	44.85	24.53	0.44
8^#	0.60	0.48	2.64	54.98	16.69	20.76

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