電化學方法在不銹鋼腐蝕研究中的應用現狀及發展趨勢

王竹; 馮喆; 張雷; 路民旭

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.05.15.002

電化學方法在不銹鋼腐蝕研究中的應用現狀及發展趨勢

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.05.15.002

北京科技大學新材料技術研究院，北京 100083

基金項目: 中央高校基本科研業務費專項資金資助項目（FRF-IC-18-007）；中國博士后科學基金資助項目（2019M650487）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：zhanglei@ustb.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG142.71
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-15
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-01

Current application and development trend in electrochemical measurement methods for the corrosion study of stainless steels

Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: zhanglei@ustb.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 電化學手段可以實現對不銹鋼材料的快速評價和腐蝕機理研究，因而受到廣泛應用。在不銹鋼耐蝕性評價方面，最常采用的電化學手段主要有腐蝕電位測試、交流阻抗測試、恒電位極化測試以及循環動電位極化測試。本文分別針對上述四種電化學方法在不銹鋼耐蝕性評價上的應用情況進行了介紹，明確了各種檢測方法的特點。腐蝕電位及交流阻抗測試是無損檢測手段，可以滿足長周期腐蝕監測需求；恒電位極化和循環動電位極化測試可以獲得材料的極化特征參數，有利于對材料的腐蝕機理及耐蝕性進行評價。結合當前的不銹鋼腐蝕研究現狀，展望了電化學方法在腐蝕研究領域的發展趨勢：未來電化學方法將更多作為腐蝕調控手段，需要結合其他檢測技術實現對不銹鋼腐蝕過程的精細分析。
- 不銹鋼 /
- 電化學 /
- 腐蝕電位 /
- 交流阻抗 /
- 循環動電位
Abstract: Carbon steels are prone to a high level of corrosion when exposed to harsh environments. Stainless steels, having better corrosion resistance, are therefore, used in many applications to mitigate the high risk of failure due to corrosion. However, stainless steels are also not 100% corrosion-resistant; hence, they may suffer uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion, and/or corrosion cracking. It is, therefore, necessary to evaluate the corrosion resistance of stainless steel prior to its large-scale applications. The two main techniques used in studying the corrosion behavior of stainless steels are the immersion and electrochemical tests. Due to the high corrosion resistance of stainless steels, analyzing its corrosion behavior using the immersion test method takes a long period. Consequently, the application of the immersion test method is highly limited. The electrochemical methods are, therefore, widely used due to its faster rate of evaluation of corrosion behavior and mechanisms. The most commonly used electrochemical methods in the corrosion assessment of stainless steels include the corrosion potential test, AC impedance test, potentiostatic test, and cyclic polarization test. This paper introduced these four electrochemical methods of corrosion evaluation of stainless steels. The advantages and disadvantages of various detection methods were also clarified. Long-period corrosion monitoring can be achieved with the implementation of corrosion potential and AC impedance methods, due to their nondestructive features. The polarization characteristic parameters of materials can be obtained by analyzing the potentiostatic or potentiodynamic polarization results. These help to evaluate the corrosion resistance of materials. Comprehensive utilization of various electrochemical methods is beneficial to the analysis of corrosion mechanisms. Given the current research status and trend of corrosion in stainless steel, the electrochemical method is projected to be mainly implemented in the control of the corrosion processes. Therefore, there is need for better detection technologies to achieve a better analysis of the corrosion processes of stainless steels.
- stainless steel /
- electrochemistry /
- corrosion potential /
- AC impedance /
- cyclic polarization

HTML全文

圖 1 不銹鋼在125 ℃，Cl^?和F^?質量濃度均為2.5 g?L^?1，SO₂分壓為0.1 MPa的溶液中的特征電位圖^[2]

Figure 1. Characteristic potentials of testing materials in 2.5 g?L^?1 Cl^? , 2.5 g?L^?1 F^?, and saturated solution of SO₂ at 125 ℃ (0.1 MPa SO₂)^[2]

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圖 2 304L不銹鋼在60 ℃，質量分數93.5%的H₂SO₄溶液中的開路電位隨時間的變化情況^[9]

Figure 2. Potential oscillation of 304L stainless steel in 93.5% sulphuric acid at 60 ℃^[9]

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圖 3 常見的等效電路圖^[13-14]

Figure 3. Equivalent circuits for simulating the EIS results^[13-14]

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圖 4 用于測定臨界點蝕溫度的恒電位極化曲線^[18]

Figure 4. Current density vs time curves for measuring critical pitting temperature^[18]

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圖 5 2205雙相不銹鋼在125 ℃，Cl^?和F^?質量濃度均為2.5 g?L^?1，SO₂分壓為0.1 MPa的溶液中的循環極化曲線^[2]

Figure 5. Cyclic polarization curve of 2205 stainless steel in 2.5 g?L^?1 Cl^?, 2.5 g?L^?1 F^?, and saturated amine solution of SO₂ at 125 ℃ (0.1 MPa SO₂)^[2]

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圖 6 316L不銹鋼在60 ℃，10 g?L^?1 NaCl溶液中的循環動電位極化曲線。H₂S/CO₂ （分壓比1∶5）總壓為0.3 MPa^[17]

Figure 6. Cyclic polarization curves of 316L stainless steel in 10 g?L NaCl at 60 ℃ with total pressure of H₂S/CO₂ (mole ratio is 1∶5) is 0.3 MPa^[17]

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圖 7 316L不銹鋼在室溫含NaCl的pH值為12.5的堿性溶液中測得的循環動電位極化曲線^[19]

Figure 7. Cyclic polarization curves of 316L stainless steel measured in NaCl solutions at ambient temperature and pH value of 12.5^[19]

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