Fabrication and microwave absorption properties of myrica rubra-like Fe3O4@SnO2 core-shell material
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摘要: 以磁性Fe3O4微球為模板，通過St?ber法和水熱法合成了一種楊梅狀的新型Fe3O4@SnO2復合材料，主要應用于電磁波吸收領域。借助X射線衍射、X光電子能譜、掃描電子顯微鏡、透射電子顯微鏡、振動樣品磁強計和矢量網絡分析儀對其物相結構、表面元素、微觀形貌、磁性及吸波特性進行了分析表征。分析結果表明，楊梅狀的Fe3O4@SnO2的球徑約為500 nm，無明顯團聚，具有良好的形貌均勻性。其SnO2層由納米SnO2顆粒松散堆疊而成，具有大量的空隙結構，層厚約為40 nm。楊梅狀的Fe3O4@SnO2具有較強的介電損耗能力，且有利于提升阻抗匹配性能，呈現出良好的電磁波吸收能力，當厚度為1.4～2.8 mm時，其最小反射損耗RL（min）均低于?20 dB。其最優厚度為1.7 mm，此時RL（min）為?29 dB，有效帶寬為4.9 GHz（13.1～18 GHz），是一種具有發展潛力的吸波材料。
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關鍵詞:
- Fe3O4@SnO2 /
- 核殼 /
- 復合物 /
- 楊梅狀 /
- 微波吸收
Abstract: Against the background of the widespread application of various electronic devices and communication technologies, there is great concern regarding the problem of excessive radiation of electromagnetic waves with regard to electromagnetic interference, environmental pollution, and human health. Microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs) can transform electromagnetic energy into heat or dissipate electromagnetic waves via interference. Numerous theoretical and experimental studies have focused on the prevention of electromagnetic pollution and other related problems. Magnetite (Fe3O4) is considered one of the most promising MAMs because of its excellent properties, such as high saturation magnetization, high Curie temperature, and low cost. However, the single Fe3O4 has the disadvantages of weak dielectric loss and easy oxidation, thereby limiting its application in the field of microwave absorption. Fabrication of Fe3O4-based nanocomposites is an effective solution for these problems. In this study, a new type of Fe3O4@SnO2 composite similar to myrica rubra (Chinese bayberry) was synthesized by the St?ber method and hydrothermal method using magnetic Fe3O4 microspheres as template. The phase structure, surface elements, micromorphology, magnetic properties, and microwave absorption properties of the samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy and by observations based on a vibrating-sample magnetometer and vector network analyzer. The results show that the diameter of the myrica rubra-like Fe3O4@SnO2 sphere is about 500 nm, without obvious agglomeration, and that it has good morphological uniformity. The SnO2 layer is composed of nano-SnO2 particles, which are loosely stacked. The layer possesses many porous structures and is about 40 nm thick. The myrica rubra-like Fe3O4@SnO2 has strong dielectric loss capacity, is conducive to improving impedance matching performance, and exhibits good electromagnetic wave absorption capacity. When the thickness is 1.4–2.8 mm, RL(min) exceeds ?20 dB. The optimum thickness is 1.7 mm, RL(min) is ?29 dB, and the effective bandwidth is 4.9 GHz (13.1–18 GHz). It is a potential-absorbing material.-
Key words:
- Fe3O4@SnO2 /
- core-shell /
- composites /
- myrica rubra-like /
- microwave absorption
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圖 2 不同試樣的X射線光電子能譜。（a） 總譜；（b） Fe3O4@SnO2-1中的Fe2p譜；（c） Fe3O4@SnO2-2中的Fe2p譜；（d） Fe3O4@SnO2-2中的Sn3d譜
Figure 2. XPS spectra of different samples: (a) XPS wide scan; (b) Fe2p spectrum of Fe3O4@SnO2-1; (c) Fe2p spectrum of Fe3O4@SnO2-2; (d) Sn3d spectrum of Fe3O4@SnO2-2
圖 3 試樣微觀結構形貌圖。（a） Fe3O4；（b） Fe3O4@SiO2；（c） Fe3O4@SnO2-1；（d） Fe3O4@SnO2-2
Figure 3. SEM and TEM images of samples: (a) Fe3O4; (b) Fe3O4@SiO2; (c) Fe3O4@SnO2-1; (d) Fe3O4@SnO2-2
圖 4 Fe3O4@SnO2-2合成過程示意圖
Figure 4. Schematic illustration of the synthesis process of Fe3O4@SnO2-2
圖 6 試樣復介電常數和復磁導率在2～18 GHz隨頻率變化曲線。（a） 復介電常數實部；（b） 復介電常數虛部；（c） 復磁導率實部；（d） 復磁導率虛部
Figure 6. Frequency-dependent complex permittivity and complex permeability of samples: (a) real parts of complex permittivity; (b) imaginary parts of complex permittivity; (c) real parts of complex permeability; (d) imaginary parts of complex permeability
圖 7 試樣的反射損耗圖。（a） Fe3O4；（b） Fe3O4@SiO2；（c） Fe3O4@SnO2-1；（d） Fe3O4@SnO2-2
Figure 7. Reflection loss maps of samples: (a) Fe3O4; (b) Fe3O4@SiO2; (c) Fe3O4@SnO2-1; (d) Fe3O4@SnO2-2
圖 8 試樣的介電損耗正切值（a）和磁損耗正切值（b）
Figure 8. Dielectric loss tangents (tanδE) (a) and magnetic loss tangents (tanδM) (b) of samples
圖 9 研究試樣的阻抗匹配圖。（a） Fe3O4；（b） Fe3O4@SiO2；（c） Fe3O4@SnO2-1；（d） Fe3O4@SnO2-2
Figure 9. Impedance matching maps of studied samples: (a) Fe3O4; (b) Fe3O4@SiO2; (c) Fe3O4@SnO2-1; (d) Fe3O4@SnO2-2
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