Effect of Si content on hot deformation behavior and dynamic recrystallization of high silicon electrical steel
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摘要: 采用Gleeble-3800D熱模擬試驗機在應變量0.6、變形溫度750~1050℃、應變速率0.01~1 s-1工藝條件范圍內, 研究了Fe-(5.5%、6.0%、6.5%) Si高硅電工鋼的熱變形與動態再結晶行為.采用線性回歸方法, 建立了三種成分實驗鋼的流變應力本構方程.計算得到Fe-5.5% Si、Fe-6.0% Si和Fe-6.5% Si高硅電工鋼的熱變形激活能分別為310.425、363.831和422.162 kJ·mol-1, 說明Fe-(5.5%、6.0%、6.5%) Si高硅電工鋼的熱變形激活能隨Si質量分數的增加而增大, 這使得Fe-(5.5%、6.0%、6.5%) Si高硅電工鋼相同條件下的變形抗力隨Si含量的升高而增大.采用金相截線法對不同成分和變形條件下實驗鋼的動態再結晶百分數進行了統計, 結果表明: 同一熱變形條件下, Fe-(5.5%、6.0%、6.5%) Si高硅電工鋼的動態再結晶百分數隨Si質量分數的升高而減小.本文實驗條件下, 當變形溫度為750~850℃時, Fe-(5.5%、6.0%、6.5%) Si高硅電工鋼軟化機制主要為動態回復; 而變形溫度為950~1050℃時, Fe-(5.5%、6.0%、6.5%) Si高硅電工鋼軟化機制主要為動態再結晶.Abstract: High-silicon electrical steel is an excellent soft magnetic material with high permeability, low coercive force, and nearzero magnetostriction coefficient. Compared with other preparation methods of high-silicon electrical steel sheet, the rolling method has the advantages of short process and high efficiency. Among the rolling methods, hot rolling is one of the most important part in the formation of high-silicon electrical steel sheet. Therefore, it is very important to study the hot deformation and dynamic recrystallization behaviors of high-silicon electrical steels. In this study, hot deformation and dynamic recrystallization behaviors of Fe-(5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%) Si high-silicon electrical steel were studied using a Gleeble-3800D thermal-mechanical simulator with a deformation temperature of 750-1050℃ and strain rate of 0.01-1 s-1. The constitutive equations of Fe-(5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%) Si high-silicon electrical steels were established by linear regression analysis. The thermal deformation activation energies of Fe-5.5% Si, Fe-6.0% Si, and Fe-6.5% Si high-silicon electrical steel are 310.425, 363.831, and 422.162 kJ·mol-1, respectively. It is observed that the thermal deformation activation energies of Fe-(5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%) Si high-silicon electrical steel improve with the increase of Si content, which makes the deformation resistance of Fe-(5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%) Si high-silicon electrical steel improve with the increase of Si content. Moreover, the dynamic recrystallization percentage was calculated using the intercept method of metallographic examination, and the statistical results show that the dynamic recrystallization percentage of Fe-(5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%) Si high-silicon electrical steel decreases with the increase of Si content under the same deformation condition. Meanwhile, at the temperature of 750-850℃, the softening mechanism of Fe-(5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%) Si high-silicon electrical steel is mainly dynamic recovery, while at the temperature of 950-1050℃, the softening mechanism is mainly dynamic recrystallization.
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圖 1 Fe-5.5%Si高硅電工鋼真應力-真應變曲線. (a) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.01 s-1; (b) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.1 s-1; (c) $\dot \varepsilon $=1 s-1
Figure 1. True stress-true strain curves of Fe-5.5%Si high-silicon electrical steel: (a) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.01 s-1; (b) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.1 s-1; (c) $\dot \varepsilon $=1 s-1
圖 2 Fe-6.0%Si高硅電工鋼真應力-真應變曲線. (a) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.01 s-1; (b) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.1 s-1; (c) $\dot \varepsilon $=1 s-1
Figure 2. True stress-true strain curves of Fe-6.0%Si high-silicon electrical steel: (a) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.01 s-1; (b) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.1 s-1; (c) $\dot \varepsilon $=1 s-1
圖 3 Fe-6.5%Si高硅電工鋼真應力-真應變曲線. (a) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.01 s-1; (b) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.1 s-1; (c) $\dot \varepsilon $=1 s-1
Figure 3. True stress--true strain curves of Fe-6.5%Si high-silicon electrical steel: (a) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.01 s-1; (b) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.1 s-1; (c) $\dot \varepsilon $=1 s-1
圖 4 高硅電工鋼峰值應力σP隨Si質量分數及變形溫度T的變化趨勢圖. (a) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.01 s-1; (b) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.1 s-1; (c) $\dot \varepsilon $=1 s-1
Figure 4. Variation of peak stress with Si content and deformation temperature T in high-silicon electrical steel: (a) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.01 s-1; (b) $\dot \varepsilon $=0.1 s-1; (c) $\dot \varepsilon $=1 s-1
圖 5 Fe-5.5%Si高硅電工鋼峰值應力與應變速率的關系. $({\rm{a}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - \ln {\sigma _{\rm{P}}};\;({\rm{b}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - {\sigma _{\rm{P}}};\;({\rm{c}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - \ln \sinh \left( {\alpha {\sigma _{\rm{P}}}} \right)$
Figure 5. Relationship between peak stress and strain rate of Fe-5.5%Si high-silicon electrical steel: $({\rm{a}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - \ln {\sigma _{\rm{P}}};\;({\rm{b}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - {\sigma _{\rm{P}}};\;({\rm{c}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - \ln \sinh \left( {\alpha {\sigma _{\rm{P}}}} \right)$
圖 6 Fe-6.0%Si高硅電工鋼峰值應力與應變速率的關系.$({\rm{a}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - \ln {\sigma _{\rm{P}}};\;({\rm{b}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - {\sigma _{\rm{P}}};\;({\rm{c}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - \ln \sinh \left( {\alpha {\sigma _{\rm{P}}}} \right)$
Figure 6. Relationship between peak stress and strain rate of Fe-6.0%Si high-silicon electrical steel: $({\rm{a}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - \ln {\sigma _{\rm{P}}};\;({\rm{b}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - {\sigma _{\rm{P}}};\;({\rm{c}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - \ln \sinh \left( {\alpha {\sigma _{\rm{P}}}} \right)$
圖 7 Fe-6.5%Si高硅電工鋼峰值應力與應變速率的關系.$({\rm{a}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - \ln {\sigma _{\rm{P}}};\;({\rm{b}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - {\sigma _{\rm{P}}};\;({\rm{c}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - \ln \sinh \left( {\alpha {\sigma _{\rm{P}}}} \right)$
Figure 7. Relationship between peak stress and strain rate of Fe-6.5%Si high-silicon electrical steel: $({\rm{a}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - \ln {\sigma _{\rm{P}}};\;({\rm{b}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - {\sigma _{\rm{P}}};\;({\rm{c}})\;\ln \dot \varepsilon - \ln \sinh \left( {\alpha {\sigma _{\rm{P}}}} \right)$
圖 8 高硅電工鋼峰值應力與變形溫度的關系. (a) Fe-5.5%Si; (b) Fe-6.0%Si; (c) Fe-6.5%Si
Figure 8. Relationship between peak stress and deformation temperature of high-silicon electrical steel: (a) Fe-5.5%Si; (b) Fe-6.0%Si; (c) Fe-6.5%Si
圖 9 Fe- (5.5%、6.0%、6.5%) Si高硅電工鋼峰值應力與ln Z的關系. (a) Fe-5.5%Si; (b) Fe-6.0%Si; (c) Fe-6.5%Si
Figure 9. Relationship between peak stress and ln Z of Fe- (5.5%、6.0%、6.5%) Si high-silicon electrical steel: (a) Fe-5.5%Si; (b) Fe-6.0%Si; (c) Fe-6.5%Si
圖 10 高硅電工鋼壓縮變形顯微組織$\left( {\dot \varepsilon = 0.01{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}} \right)$. (a) 5.5%Si, 850℃; (b) 5.5%Si, 950℃; (c) 6.0%Si, 850℃; (d) 6.0%Si, 950℃; (e) 6.5%Si, 850℃; (f) 6.5%Si, 950℃
Figure 10. Compression deformation microstructure of high-silicon electrical steel $\left( {\dot \varepsilon = 0.01{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}} \right)$: (a) 5.5%Si, 850℃; (b) 5.5%Si, 950℃; (c) 6.0%Si, 850℃; (d) 6.0%Si, 950℃; (e) 6.5%Si, 850℃; (f) 6.5%Si, 950℃
圖 11 高硅電工鋼動態再結晶百分數(XDRX) 等高線分布圖. (a) Fe-5.5%Si; (b) Fe-6.0%Si; (c) Fe-6.5%Si
Figure 11. Contour maps of dynamic recrystallization percentage (XDRX) for high-silicon electrical steel: (a) Fe-5.5%Si; (b) Fe-6.0%Si; (c) Fe-6.5%Si
表 1 高硅電工鋼的ασ計算值
Table 1. Calculated ασ value of high-silicon electrical steel
試樣 $\dot \varepsilon $/s－1 750℃ 850℃ 950℃ 1050℃ Fe-5.5.% Si 1 4.167 2.405 1.453 1.004 0.1 3.306 1.500 0.857 0.514 0.01 1.502 0.626 0.366 0.306 Fe-6.0% Si 1 6.110 2.748 1.637 1.037 0.1 4.248 2.377 1.163 0.838 0.01 3.146 1.185 0.813 0.385 Fe-6.5% Si 1 5.495 2.644 1.152 0.940 0.1 3.942 1.492 0.962 0.481 0.01 2.509 0.811 0.382 0.263 
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