Distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of the mineralogical structure of high basicity sinter
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摘要: 基于燒結礦的非均性, 發現了礦相結構的三種分布模式, 并對礦相結構的形成機理進行了闡述.首先, 基于燒結礦的手標本鑒定特征把某鋼廠燒結礦劃分成了三類.其次, 對礦相結構的鑒定發現, 第1類、第2類、第3類這三類燒結礦的礦相結構在空間上依次具有"均一狀、同心環狀、互嵌狀"三種分布模式.均一狀分布的礦相結構形成于溫度較高、還原性較強和混料均勻的穩定條件之中, 主要為交織熔蝕-熔蝕結構, 具有良好的冶金性能; 同心環狀分布的礦相結構從外部帶到內部帶依次為交織熔蝕結構、熔蝕結構和赤鐵礦粒狀結構, 多以獨立單元的形式出現, 其所在區域工藝條件的惡化并不會對燒結礦總體的結構和冶金性能造成太大影響; 交織熔蝕結構、赤鐵礦粒狀結構和鐵酸鈣聚集區交叉形成的互嵌狀礦相結構, 多形成于溫度較低、氣流不穩定和混料不均勻的條件之中, 易成片出現而導致燒結礦結構和冶金性能的惡化.最后, 冶金性能分析顯示, 第1、2類燒結礦各項冶金性能指標良好, 具有互嵌狀分布模式的第3類燒結礦由于礦相結構的不均勻, 冶金性能相對較差.結果表明, 這種基于礦相結構分布模式的研究方式, 有利于對礦相結構形成機理的闡述, 更助于對燒結原料、燒結氣氛等工藝條件的調控, 對燒結礦冶金性能的改善具有一定理論價值.Abstract: Based on their inhomogeneity, three distribution pattern categories of the mineralogical structure of sinters, and their formation mechanisms, were detailed. First, based on the identifiable characteristics of hand specimens, the sinters in a steel plant were divided into three categories (Category 1, Category 2, Category 3). Second, according to the identification characteristics of the microstructure of sinters, three distribution patterns of the mineralogical structure for the three categories of sinters were established, those being uniform, concentric annular, and intercalated. The homogeneous mineral phase structures, which have good metallurgical properties, are mostly interlaced erosion and erosion structure, and the mineral phase structures are formed under stable conditions with higher temperature, stronger reduction, and uniform mixture. The concentric annular mineralogical structures from the outside to the inner belt are interlaced erosion structure, erosion structure, and hematite granular structure, separately. These structures formed under deteriorative process conditions and have no obvious adverse effect on the overall structure and metallurgical properties of sinters. The intercalated mineral phase structure, formed by the interlaced erosion structure, hematite granular structure, and calcium ferrate accumulation area, is mostly formed under conditions of lower temperature, unstable air flow, and inhomogeneous mixture. Getting together may lead to the deterioration of the structure and metallurgical properties of the sinter. Finally, the results of a metallurgical performance analysis show that the metallurgical index of Category 1 and Category 2 are satisfactory, and Category 3, with its intercalated distribution pattern, shows relatively poor metallurgical performance due to the inhomogeneous structure. The above results indicate that the research method based on the distribution pattern of mineral phase structure can be conducive to the discovery of the formation mechanism of the mineralogical structure, and can help to control the sintering raw materials and sintering atmosphere. It has certain theoretical value for improving the metallurgical properties of sinter.
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圖 1 燒結礦手標本. (a) 第1類; (b) 第2類; (c) 第3類
Figure 1. Hand specimen of sinters: (a) Category 1; (b) Category 2; (c) Category 3
圖 2 均一狀燒結礦顯微結構. (a) 熔蝕結構; (b) 交織熔蝕結構
Figure 2. Microstructure of uniform sinter: (a) erosion structure; (b) interlaced erosion structure
圖 5 同心環狀燒結礦顯微結構. (a) 粒狀結構(內部帶); (b) ①號區域(內部帶); (c) ②號區域(內部帶); (d, e) 熔蝕結構(過渡帶); (f, g) 交織熔蝕結構(外部帶); (h) 氧化赤鐵礦(外部帶邊緣)
Figure 5. Microstructure of concentric annular sinter: (a) granular structure (inner belt); (b) area ① (inner belt); (c) area ② (inner belt); (d, e) erosion structure (transition belt); (f, g) interlaced erosion structure (outside belt); (h) oxidized hematite (the edge of outside belt)
圖 7 互嵌狀燒結礦顯微結構. (a, b) 交織熔蝕結構(A區域); (c) 兩區域間的交界; (d) 粒狀結構(B區域); (e, f) B區域中的黏結相聚集區
Figure 7. Microstructure of intercalated sinter: (a, b) interlaced erosion structure (area A); (c) the boundary between two areas; (d) granular structure (area B); (e, f) bonding phase accumulation area of area B
表 1 燒結礦化學成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of sinters
類型 質量分數/% 堿度，R TFe FeO SiO2 CaO Al2O3 MgO 第1類 56.01 10.45 5.11 10.02 0.93 2.10 2.10 第2類 56.70 8.50 4.87 10.10 1.12 1.91 2.07 第3類 56.85 8.91 5.43 9.83 1.83 2.12 1.81 
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表 2 燒結礦礦相結構分布模式
Table 2. Distribution patterns of the mineralogical structure of sinters
類型 分布模式(體積分數) 礦相結構 第1類 均一狀(＞95%) 交織熔蝕-熔蝕結構 其他結構(＜5%) 氣孔邊緣及樣品邊緣氧化赤鐵礦 第2類 均一狀(＜85%) 交織熔蝕-熔蝕結構 同心環狀(＜5%) 從外到內：交織熔蝕結構，熔蝕結構，赤鐵礦粒狀結構 其他結構(＞10%) 骸晶赤鐵礦、粒狀磁鐵礦、斑狀結構 第3類 均一狀(＞50%) 交織熔蝕-熔蝕結構 互嵌狀(＜30%) 交織熔蝕結構與赤鐵礦粒狀結構互嵌，赤鐵礦粒狀結構內嵌有部分鐵酸鈣聚集區 其他結構(＞20%) 骸晶赤鐵礦、粒狀磁鐵礦、斑狀結構
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表 3 各分帶的顯微結構、礦物及氣孔所占體積分數
Table 3. Microstructure, mineral and pore content of each belt
分帶顯微結構 各分帶體積分數/% 各分帶結構中礦物體積分數/% 氣孔率/% 磁鐵礦 赤鐵礦 鐵酸鈣 硅酸二鈣 殘余CaO 玻璃質 粒狀結構(內部帶) 8~10 少量 80~85 少量 10~15 5~7 60~65 熔蝕結構(過渡帶) 20~30 45~50 8~10 30~35 5~8 2~3 1~2 40~45 交織熔蝕結構(外部帶) 60~70 30~40 3~5 50~60 3~5 少量 1~2 25~30
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表 4 互嵌狀燒結礦礦物組成及氣孔率
Table 4. Mineral composition and porosity of intercalated sinter
顯微結構 各區域體積占比/% 各分帶結構中礦物體積分數/% 氣孔率/% 磁鐵礦 赤鐵礦 鐵酸鈣 硅酸二鈣 殘余CaO 玻璃質 交織熔蝕結構(A區域) 70~80 40~45 微量 45~50 5~10 微量 2~3 20~30 粒狀結構(B區域) 15~20 少量 85~90 5~10 少量 2~3 1~2 30~35 鐵酸鈣聚集區(B區域) 5~10 90~95 5~10
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表 5 燒結礦冶金性能指標
Table 5. Metallurgical properties of sinters
類型 分布模式 低溫粉化指數(RDI+3.15 mm)/% 轉鼓指數/% 還原指數/% 堿度，R 第1類 均一狀分布+其他結構 85.3 79.97 64.20 2.10 第2類 均一狀分布+同心環狀分布+其他結構 79.7 78.30 69.95 2.07 第3類 均一狀分布+互嵌狀分布+其他結構 54.8 79.01 84.60 1.81
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