Cr3C2/Ni3Al復合材料耐磨性提高的機制分析

傅麗華; 韓偉; 趙琳; 周孟; 李長海; 田志凌

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.01.013

Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料耐磨性提高的機制分析

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.01.013

傅麗華^{1, 2},
韓偉²,
趙琳^2, ,,
周孟³,
李長海⁴,
田志凌²

1.
河南科技大學材料摩擦學重點實驗室, 洛陽 471003
2.
鋼鐵研究總院, 北京 100081
3.
北京科技大學材料科學與工程學院, 北京 100083
4.
查爾姆斯理工大學材料與制造技術學院, 哥德堡 SE-412 96

基金項目:

國家國際科技合作專項資助項目 2015DFA50970

詳細信息

通訊作者:
趙琳, E-mail: hhnds@aliyun.com

中圖分類號: TB333
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- 文章訪問數: 1065
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- PDF下載量: 21
- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2017-12-10
- 刊出日期: 2019-01-01

Wear mechanism of Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites showing excellent wear resistance

FU Li-hua^{1, 2},
HAN Wei²,
ZHAO Lin^{2
, ,},
ZHOU Meng³,
LI Chang-hai⁴,
TIAN Zhi-ling²

1.
Key Laboratory of Material Tribology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
2.
Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
3.
School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
4.
Department of Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg SE-412 96, Sweden

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHAO Lin, E-mail: hhnds@aliyun.com

摘要

摘要: 為了探討Cr₃C₂強化相提高Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料耐磨性的機制, 本文采用熱等靜壓技術制備了Ni₃Al合金和Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料, 借助納米壓痕儀對Ni₃Al合金和Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料中各組成相的力學性能進行了表征, 利用銷-盤式摩擦磨損試驗機研究了熱等靜壓Ni₃Al合金和Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料的耐磨性能, 并結合掃描電子顯微鏡和納米壓痕儀分析了材料磨損表面形貌和磨損次表面層硬度變化.結果表明, Cr₃C₂的添加提高了復合材料基體的硬度, Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料中各組成相的納米硬度和彈性模量由基體相、擴散相到硬芯相是逐漸增大的, 呈現出梯度變化, 有利于提高Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料的耐磨性.在本研究實驗條件下, Ni₃Al合金和Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料表面的磨損形式主要為磨粒磨損, Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料表現出更加優異的耐磨性能.Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料耐磨性能的提高主要跟碳化物強化相阻斷磨粒切削、減弱摩擦副間相互作用、減小加工硬化層厚度、磨粒尺寸等因素有關.
- 復合材料 /
- Cr₃C₂強化相 /
- Ni₃Al基 /
- 耐磨性能 /
- 機制分析
Abstract: The Ni₃Al intermetallic compound is considered an excellent wear-resistant material. The addition of Cr₃C₂ particles can further improve the wear resistance of Ni₃Al-based alloys. In order to elucidate the wear mechanism of Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites improved by the Cr₃C₂ strengthening phase, Ni₃Al-alloy and Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites were prepared by the hot isostatic pressing process in this study. The mechanical properties and wear resistance of each phase in the Ni₃Al-alloy and Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites were investigated using a nano-indentation instrument and a pin-on-disk friction and wear tester, respectively. The worn surface morphologies and the hardness of the subsurface layer under the worn surfaces of the Ni₃Al-alloy and Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites were determined by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a nano-indentation instrument. The results indicate that the hardness of the matrix phase in the Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites is significantly improved by the addition of Cr₃C₂ particles. The nano-hardness and the elastic modulus of each phase in the Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites gradually increase from matrix phase through diffusion phase to hard core phase. The mechanical properties between the matrix, diffusion, and hard core phases in the Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites present a gradient transition. This kind of structure distribution is good for enhancing the wear resistance of Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composite materials. As for friction and wear conditions in this study, abrasive wear was the dominant wear mechanism, which occurred on the surfaces of the Ni₃Al-alloy and Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites. The Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites showed a good wear resistant property. The carbide-strengthening phase can block up the cutting action of the wear debris, reduce the interaction between the wear materials, and decrease the thickness of the subsurface layer and the size of the wear debris, resulting in improved wear resistance of Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites.
- composites /
- Cr₃C₂ strengthen phase /
- Ni₃Al-based /
- wear resistance /
- mechanism analysis

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圖 1 粉末材料微觀形貌：(a) Ni₃Al合金粉末；(b) Cr₃C₂顆粒

Figure 1. Morphologies of powder materials: (a) Ni₃Al-alloy powders; (b) Cr₃C₂ particles

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圖 2 Ni₃Al合金和Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料的微觀組織. (a) Ni₃Al合金；(b) Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料

Figure 2. Microstructure of Ni₃Al-alloy and Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites: (a) Ni₃Al-alloy; (b) Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites

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圖 3 Ni₃Al合金和Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料中各組成相納米硬度測試的加載卸載曲線

Figure 3. Loading and unloading curves of nanoindentation measurement for different constitution phases in the Ni₃Al-alloy and Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites

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圖 4 Ni₃Al合金和Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料的硬度和磨損量結果

Figure 4. Hardness and volume loss of the Ni₃Al-alloy and Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites

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圖 5 Ni₃Al合金和Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料磨損表面形貌. (a) Ni₃Al合金；(b) Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料

Figure 5. Morphologies of the worn surface of the Ni₃Al-alloy and Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites: (a) Ni₃Al-alloy; (b) Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites

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圖 6 磨損次表面層納米壓痕測試路徑. (a) Ni₃Al合金；(b) Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料

Figure 6. Testing path of nano-hardness measurement on the subsurface layer: (a) Ni₃Al-alloy; (b) Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites

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圖 7 Ni₃Al合金和Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料磨損后加工硬化層納米硬度隨距離的變化趨勢圖

Figure 7. Nano-hardness versus surface distance in the work-ardened layer of the Ni₃Al-alloy and Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites

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圖 8 磨屑的微觀形貌. (a) Ni₃Al合金；(b) Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料

Figure 8. Microstructure morphologies of the wear debris: (a) Ni₃Al-alloy; (b) Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites

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圖 9 Ni₃Al合金和Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料磨粒磨損的示意圖. (a) Ni₃Al合金；(b) Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料

Figure 9. Diagrammatic sketch of the abrasive wear of the Ni₃Al-alloy and Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites: (a) Ni₃Al-alloy; (b) Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites

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表 1 Ni₃Al合金和Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al復合材料中各組成相的納米壓痕結果

Table 1. Nanoindentation measurement results of different constitution phases in the Ni₃Al-alloy and Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al composites

材料	相組成	最大深度，h/μm	納米硬度，H/GPa	彈性模量，E/GPa
Ni₃Al合金	第二相	0.315	3.14	160.89
Ni₃Al合金	基材相	0.265	5.32	197.58
Cr₃C₂/Ni₃Al 復合材料	硬芯相	0.149	18.24	352.60
	擴散相	0.158	16.73	291.76
	基材相	0.240	6.34	211.81

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