Flow pattern of granular ore rock in a single funnel under a flexible isolation layer
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摘要: 同步充填留礦法因柔性隔離層的存在,其散體礦巖流動規律突破傳統放礦理論的描述范圍,因此開展柔性隔離層下單漏斗散體礦巖流動規律研究對于豐富放礦學理論具有重要意義.基于相似原理建立物理試驗模型,以標記顆粒刻畫出放出體和松動體形態,采用高清攝像機記錄試驗基礎數據.基于試驗數據,對柔性隔離層下單漏斗放礦放出體、松動體、空腔等演化規律進行分析.最高層位礦石未放出前,放出體呈完整封閉的近似橢球體形態;放出后,放出體呈現為陀螺體.最高層位礦石產生沉降前,松動體為完整封閉的近似橢球體形態;產生沉降后,松動體形態整體上呈喇叭狀,喇叭狀松動體上部為指數曲線,下部為近似部分橢球體.空腔在最高層位礦石產生沉降瞬間開始形成;隔離層邊界與礦石層邊界相切于空腔邊界,切角隨著隔離層下降深度的增大而增大,至散體自然安息角后保持不變,切點位置隨著隔離層下沉由中間逐漸向兩側發展至放礦終止.Abstract: Due to the existence of a flexible isolation layer the flow pattern of granular ore rock in the synchronous filling shrinkage method breaks through the description range of the traditional ore drawing theory,so studies on the flow pattern of granular ore rock in a single funnel under a flexible isolation layer have important significance for enriching the ore drawing theory. Based on the similarity principle,a physical test model was designed,by which the morphology of the draw ore body and the loosen ore body was delineated and drawn by marking particles. The basic data of testing were recorded with a high-definition camera. The evolution laws of the spatial morphology of the draw ore body,loosen ore body,and cavity during single funnel drawing under a flexible isolation layer were analyzed on the basis of these basic data. The draw ore body showed completely closed and quasi-ellipsoidal morphology before the highest horizon ore settled; but after this settlement the draw ore body was gyrostatic. Before settlement of the highest horizon ore occurred,the loosen ore body showed completely closed and quasi-ellipsoid morphology; but after this settlement appeared,the loose body shape was trumpet-shaped on the whole,with an exponential curve in the upper part and a quasi-ellipsoid in the lower part. The cavity began to form at the moment when the settlement of the highest horizon ore occurred. The isolation layer was tangent to the ore layer at the cavity boundary. The cutting angle increased with the increasing fall depth of the isolation layer and kept invariant after it reached to the natural repose angle. With the sinkage of the isolation layer,the position of the tangent point gradually changed from the center to both sides until the end of ore drawing.
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Key words:
- mining /
- ore drawing /
- flow patterns /
- cavities
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