Abstract: Rhodium nanoparticles (Rh NPs) were successfully fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates through an electrochemical route. Capping agents, supporting electrolytes and electrochemical parameters were found to significantly affect the morphologies and sizes of the products in this process. Variously shaped Rh NPs including quasi-spherical nanoparticles, nano-islands and nanoplates were obtained by tuning the aforementioned parameters. Further research on the application of the Rh nanoislands-modified ITO in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) indicates that it serves as an effective SERS substrate.