金礦非氰化浸金研究進展

彭科波; 高利坤; 饒兵; 龔志輝; 沈海榕; 高廣言; 何飛; 張明

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.11.15.001

金礦非氰化浸金研究進展

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.11.15.001

昆明理工大學國土資源工程學院，昆明 650093

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金地區科學基金資助項目（51764023）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：20030032@kust.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TF831
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-15
- 網絡出版日期: 2021-03-27
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-01

Research progress of non-cyanide gold leaching in gold mines

Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: 20030032@kust.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 隨著易處理金礦石資源枯竭，含砷、含碳、高硫、超細顆粒金礦石已成為金礦開采的重點，這些難處理金礦通過常規氰化浸金等方法浸出效果差，由于氰化物有劇毒，會危害人體健康，并嚴重污染生態環境。非氰化法浸金因具有環保、浸出速率快、效率高等優點受到了廣泛關注。在綜述了硫代硫酸鹽法、甘氨酸法、鹵素法、石硫合劑法、碘化焙燒工藝、硫脲浸出法和非水溶液浸金7種非氰浸金方法的浸金原理及其在難處理金礦方面的最新研究進展的基礎上，討論了非氰浸金方法存在的浸出劑昂貴、浸出液中金回收困難、浸出體系復雜、浸出劑性質不穩定及消耗量大等問題，并對非氰浸金技術的發展方向進行了展望。
- 難處理金礦 /
- 非氰化浸金 /
- 硫代硫酸鹽法 /
- 甘氨酸法 /
- 鹵化物法 /
- 生物氧化硫脲浸出法
Abstract: With the exhaustion of easy-to-treat gold ore resources, gold ores containing arsenic, carbon, high sulfur, and ultrafine particles have become the focus of gold mining. These difficult-to-treat gold ores have poor leaching effects through conventional cyanide leaching methods. The chemicals involved in the production process are highly toxic, which can endanger human health and seriously pollute the ecological environment. Some countries and regions have restricted or prohibited the use of cyanide to extract gold; besides, cyanide treatment contains copper, zinc, nickel, etc. When removing impurities from gold ores, these impurity metals will increase the consumption of cyanide and oxidant in the leaching system. At the same time, a film will be formed on the gold surface that hinders the leaching of gold in cyanide and reduces the leaching rate of gold. Gold-containing substances that are insoluble in the cyanide solution include antimony compounds, aurostibite, black bismuth gold ore, and gold-containing compounds formed during reduction roasting of lead, antimony, and arsenic minerals. Although these compounds are present in small quantities, they may account for a large proportion of the amount of gold lost during processing. Nevertheless, the cyanidation method is currently the main process for processing gold ores. Due to the existence of defects in the cyanidation method and the declining gold ore suitable for cyanide treatment, scholars from all over the world are studying alternatives for gold leaching to realize an efficient and environment-friendly recovery of gold in difficult-to-treat gold mines. This article summarized the methods of non-cyanide leaching of gold: thiosulfate method, glycine method, halide method, lime sulfur mixture method, iodination roasting process, biological oxidation thiourea leaching method, and non-aqueous gold leaching method. The gold leaching principles of seven non-cyanide gold leaching methods and the latest research progress in refractory gold mines were introduced. The development direction of non-cyanide leaching gold technology was prospected based on the problems of non-cyanide gold leaching methods such as expensive leaching agent, difficulty in recovering gold in leaching solution, complicated leaching system, unstable properties of leaching agent, and large consumption.
- difficult to handle gold mines /
- non-cyanide leaching gold /
- thiosulfate method /
- glycine method /
- halide method /
- biological oxidation thiourea leaching method

HTML全文

圖 1 硫代硫酸鹽分解的簡化路線^[16]

Figure 1. Simplified route for thiosulfate decomposition^[16]

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圖 2 銅氨催化金溶解的機理^[14]

Figure 2. Mechanism of copper ammonia catalyzed gold dissolution^[14]

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圖 3 鎳氨催化硫代硫酸鹽浸出金的機理模型^[23]

Figure 3. Mechanism model of thiosulfate leaching of gold with nickel-ammonia catalysis^[23]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 4 鈷氨催化硫代硫酸鹽浸金機理的電化學模型^[26]

Figure 4. Electrochemical model for cobalt-catalytic mechanism of ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching of gold^[26]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

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