高強度低合金鋼中納米析出相對腐蝕行為影響的研究進展

黃運華; 陳恒; 趙起越; 張施琦; 李曉剛

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.10.09.004

高強度低合金鋼中納米析出相對腐蝕行為影響的研究進展

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.10.09.004

1.
北京科技大學新材料技術研究院，北京 100083
2.
武漢科技大學省部共建耐火材料與冶金國家重點實驗室，武漢 430081

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（51971033，51471033）；國家重點研發計劃資助項目（2016YFB0300604）；國家材料腐蝕與防護數據中心資助項目

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：huangyh@mater.ustb.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG174.2
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-09
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-26

Influence of nanosized precipitate on the corrosion behavior of high-strength low-alloy steels: a review

1.
Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: huangyh@mater.ustb.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 高強度低合金鋼中Nb、V和Ti等微合金化元素的納米析出相對于調控鋼的組織和性能具有重要作用，它可以確保鋼基體同時擁有較高的力學性能和較強的耐蝕性能。本文基于國內外最新研究現狀，系統闡述了納米析出相在高強度低合金鋼中的存在形態以及其對鋼中氫擴散、均勻腐蝕、應力腐蝕開裂以及各類氫損傷等腐蝕行為的影響規律和機制。研究表明，納米析出相對鋼基體腐蝕行為的影響受其尺寸、數量和分布狀態的控制。細小且與基體共格或半共格的納米析出相不僅可以通過改善鋼的微觀組織（包括亞結構）提高耐蝕性能，其導致的不可逆氫陷阱及對氫擴散的強烈抑制作用還可以極大提高抗應力腐蝕和各類氫損傷的能力。而大尺寸的非共格析出相則可能惡化鋼基體的耐蝕性能和促進氫損傷。最后展望了目前關注較少的納米析出相對腐蝕疲勞影響的相關研究。明確納米析出相對高強度低合金鋼腐蝕行為的影響規律與機制將有助于更高品質耐蝕鋼的開發和應用。
- 高強度低合金鋼 /
- 納米析出相 /
- 氫擴散 /
- 腐蝕行為 /
- 氫損傷
Abstract: Compared with the widely used plain carbon steels, high-strength low-alloy steels exhibit high tensile strength, excellent fatigue performance, good plasticity, and toughness, and have attracted considerable attention in recent years. In the strengthening and toughening of high-strength low-alloy steels, the addition of carbide-forming and nitride-forming elements (i.e., Nb, V, and Ti) promotes the formation of nanosized precipitates. Nanosized precipitate in high-strength low-alloy steels plays a significant role in the microstructure optimization, which could maintain the high mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance of the steel matrix. With the advancement of characterization techniques and simulation methods in the atomic scale over the past few decades, the effect of nanosized precipitate on the corrosion behavior of high-strength low-alloy steels has become increasingly clear. Based on the obtained achievements in China and abroad, the existing morphology of nanosized precipitate and its influence on hydrogen diffusion, uniform corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and hydrogen-induced damage were reviewed systematically in this study. Results show that the influence of nanosized precipitates on the corrosion behavior of high-strength low-alloy steels depends on its size, quantity, and status of crystal deposition. The fine and (semi-)coherent precipitate in the steel matrix can significantly improve not only the corrosion resistance by refining the microstructure (including the substructure) but also the resistance to hydrogen-induced damage by acting as an irreversible hydrogen-trapping site and strongly restraining hydrogen diffusion. However, incoherent precipitates with a large size would deteriorate the corrosion resistance because of the loss of microstructure optimization. Finally, this study forecasts the influence of nanosized precipitate on fatigue corrosion of high-strength low-alloy steels, which has not been investigated in previous studies. The optimization of the corrosion resistance of high-strength low-alloy steels can be achieved by controlling the nanosized precipitates. Clarifying the influence of nanosized precipitate on corrosion behavior would contribute significantly to the development of high-quality high-strength low-alloy steels.
- high-strength low-alloy steels /
- nanosized precipitate /
- hydrogen diffusion /
- corrosion behavior /
- hydrogen-induced damage

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圖 1 高強度低合金鋼透射電鏡圖像^[23]。（a）無Nb微合金化；（b）Nb微合金化鋼中的共格NbC

Figure 1. TEM images of high-strength low-alloy steel^[23]: (a) without Nb micro-alloying; (b) coherent NbC with Nb micro-alloying

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圖 2 高強度低合金鋼中元素三維空間分布^[49]。（a）原子分布圖；（b）（a）中綠框內原子分數7.4% (C?+?Nb)等濃度表面；（c）等濃度面內C、Nb和H分布

Figure 2. Element distributions in high-strength low-alloy steel^[49]: (a) atom maps; (b) atom fraction of 7.4% (C?+?Nb) isoconcentration surfaces of the region enclosed in a green box; (c) distributions of C, Nb, and H atoms inside the isoconcentration surfaces

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圖 3 充氫NaCl溶液中浸泡后高強度低合金鋼表面形貌^[61]。（a）含NbC；（b）不含NbC

Figure 3. Corrosion morphology of high-strength low-alloy steel after immersion in NaCl solution with hydrogen charging^[61]: (a) Nb-bearing steel; (b) Nb-free steel

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圖 4 高強度低合金鋼應力腐蝕開裂截面形貌^[67]。（a）含NbC；（b）不含NbC

Figure 4. Cross-sectional morphology of high-strength low-alloy steel after stress corrosion cracking^[67]: (a) Nb-bearing steel; (b) Nb-free steel

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圖 5 高強度低合金鋼中納米析出相抑制氫脆機理^[23]

Figure 5. Sketch illustrating the mechanism by which nanosized precipitate improves the resistance of high-strength low-alloy steel to hydrogen embrittlement^[23]

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圖 6 Nb含量對高強度低合金鋼氫致滯后斷裂性能影響^[87]。（a）臨界延遲斷裂應力；（b）臨界斷裂應力下降率（i為電化學充氫電流密度）

Figure 6. Delayed fracture strength of high-strength low-alloy steel with different Nb contents^[87]: (a) critical delayed fracture stress; (b) reduction rate of delayed fracture strength (i is the electrochemical hydrogen-charging current density)

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圖 7 NbC納米析出相尺寸對氫鼓泡影響^[93]。（a）不同尺寸（L）NbC析出相界面處氫濃度（C₍₀₀₁₎）與基體內可擴散氫濃度（C₀）比值；（b）氫鼓泡裂紋臨界形核尺寸（D_c）與NbC析出相尺寸（L）關系

Figure 7. Influence of NbC size on the hydrogen blistering^[93]: (a) ratio of hydrogen concentration at the NbC interfaces (C₍₀₀₁₎) to diffusion hydrogen concentration in the matrix (C₀) with NbC precipitate size; (b) critical size for blistering nucleation (D_c) with NbC precipitate size (L)

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表 1 鋼中常見缺陷與氫的結合能大小

Table 1. Trapping sites and corresponding hydrogen-trapping activation energies in steel

Trapping sites	E_b/（kJ·mol^?1）	Reference
Iron lattice	8.64	[30?31]
Low-angle grain boundary	17.2?18.6	[32]
Austenite/martensite interface	22	[32]
Dislocation	26.4?26.8	[32]
Microvoid	35.2?40	[32]
High-angle grain boundary	59	[33]
Ferrite/cementite interface	66.3?66.8	[34?35]
MnS interface	72	[32]
Al₂O₃ interface	79?86.2	[32]
(Semi-)coherent (Nb, V, Ti)(C, N) interface	42.6?98	[32, 36?40]

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