赤泥基光催化材料降解水中有機污染物的應用現狀及發展趨勢

王亞光; 劉曉明

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.07.30.003

赤泥基光催化材料降解水中有機污染物的應用現狀及發展趨勢

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.07.30.003

王亞光¹,
劉曉明^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京科技大學冶金與生態工程學院，北京 100083
2.
鋼鐵冶金新技術國家重點實驗室，北京 100083

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金面上資助項目（52074035）；中央高校基本科研業務費資助項目（FRF-AT-19-007）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: liuxm@ustb.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG142.71
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-30
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-25

Review on the application and development of red mud-based photocatalytic materials for degradation of organic pollutants in water

WANG Ya-guang¹,
LIU Xiao-ming^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: liuxm@ustb.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 光催化作為一種低成本且高效安全的環境凈化技術，被認為是全球能源危機和環境污染問題最好的解決方式之一。赤泥作為一種固廢不僅含有豐富的鐵氧化物，且具有較高的比表面積、孔結構等特點，近年來，赤泥基光催化材料在光催化降解水中有機污染物的研究中備受關注。本文介紹了赤泥的特性，概括了赤泥基光催化材料的制備方法，總結了赤泥基光催化材料在光催化降解水中有機污染物方面的應用，闡述了赤泥基光催化材料催化降解水中有機污染物的機理，探討了現有赤泥基光催化材料存在的問題。最后，基于以往的研究結果對赤泥基光催化材料未來的發展趨勢提出了展望及建議。
- 赤泥 /
- 鐵氧化物 /
- 光催化 /
- 有機污染物 /
- 降解
Abstract: Red mud is a strong alkaline solid waste that is discharged from alumina production process. Its cumulative storage and annual emission are huge with about 0.8–1.5 t of red mud emitted for 1 t of alumina produced. As of 2018, the global cumulative emissions of red mud were about 4 billion t and increased by 120 million tons annually. In China, about 100 million tons of red mud are discharged annually and the comprehensive utilization rate of red mud is about 4%, which is mainly stored in the Red Mud Dam. This often causes serious damage to the surrounding environment, as the red mud with high alkalinity and radioactivity raises the alkalization of soil and leaching into the groundwater through diffusion and infiltration. The comprehensive utilization of red mud is mainly to prepare building materials, ceramics materials, new functional materials, and recover valuable metals. As a low-cost, efficient, and safe environment-friendly environmental purification technology, photocatalytic technology is considered to be one of the best solutions to the severe energy crisis and environmental pollution problems that the world is currently facing. Semiconductor photocatalytic materials (such as Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, ZnO) have been widely studied in the degradation of organic pollutants in water. Red mud is rich in iron oxides and has a high specific surface area and pore structure. In recent years, red mud-based photocatalytic materials have attracted much attention in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water. In this paper, the characteristics of red mud were introduced. The preparation methods of red mud-based photocatalytic materials were summarized and its application in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water was summarized. The mechanism of red mud-based photocatalytic materials for degradation of organic pollutants in water was described, and the existing problems of these materials were discussed. Finally, the future development trend of red mud-based photocatalytic materials was proposed based on previous research results.
- red mud /
- iron oxide /
- photocatalysis /
- organic pollutants /
- degradation

HTML全文

圖 1 赤泥的X射線衍射圖^[21]

Figure 1. X-ray diffraction patterns of red mud^[21]

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圖 2 赤泥的SEM（a和b）及主要的元素分布圖^[22]

Figure 2. SEM (a and b) and element distribution images of red mud^[22]

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圖 3 半導體的光催化反應過程的示意圖^[23]

Figure 3. Schematic of the photocatalytic reaction process of semiconductor^[23]

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圖 4 赤泥的SEM圖。（a）未煅燒赤泥；（b）250 ℃煅燒后赤泥；（c）350 ℃煅燒后赤泥；（d）450 ℃煅燒后赤泥^[24]

Figure 4. SEM images of red mud: (a) uncalcined red mud; (b) calcined red mud for 250 ℃; (c) calcined red mud for 350 ℃; (d) calcined red mud for 450 ℃^[24]

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圖 5 赤泥的SEM圖。（a）未改性的赤泥；（b）酸改性后的赤泥^[26]

Figure 5. SEM images of red mud: (a) unmodified red mud; (b) acid modified red mud^[26]

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圖 6 赤泥、氧化石墨烯、赤泥–氧化石墨烯材料的SEM及赤泥–氧化石墨烯材料的TEM圖。（a）氧化石墨烯；（b）赤泥；（c）赤泥–氧化石墨烯材料；（d）赤泥–氧化石墨烯材料；（e）和（f）赤泥–氧化石墨烯材料TEM圖^[28]

Figure 6. SEM images of red mud, graphene oxide, red mud–graphene oxide material, and TEM images of red mud–graphene oxide material: (a) graphene oxide; (b) red mud; (c) red mud–graphene oxide material; (d) red mud–graphene oxide material; (e) and (f) TEM images of red mud–graphene oxide material^[28]

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圖 7 赤泥光催化降解四環素的活性物質捕獲實驗結果^[24]

Figure 7. Trapping experiments of active species during photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by red mud^[24]

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圖 8 赤泥光催化降解四環素可能的機理^[24]

Figure 8. Possible photocatalytic mechanism of degradation of tetracycline by red mud^[24]

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圖 9 赤泥–氧化石墨烯材料光催化降解四環素中活性物質的捕獲實驗結果^[28]

Figure 9. Trapping experiments of active species during photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by red mud–graphene oxide material^[28]

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圖 10 赤泥–氧化石墨烯材料光催化降解四環素可能的機理^[28]

Figure 10. Possible photocatalytic mechanism of degradation of tetracycline by red mud–graphene oxide material^[28]

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圖 11 可見光照射下赤泥–Co降解亞甲基藍染料的機理^[33]

Figure 11. Photodegradation mechanism of methylene blue dye catalyzed by red mud–Co under visible light irradiation^[33]

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圖 12 赤泥–g-C₃N₄光催化降解四環素活性物質捕獲實驗。（a）捕獲實驗的結果；（b）黑暗和光照射下DMPO捕獲$ \cdot {\rm{O}}_2^ - $的ESR光譜^[35]

Figure 12. Trapping experiments of active species during the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by red mud–g-C₃N₄: (a) results of trapping experiments; (b) the ESR spectra of $ \cdot {\rm{O}}_2^ - $trapped by DMPO under dark and light irradiation^[35]

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圖 13 赤泥–g-C₃N₄光催化降解四環素可能的機理^[35]

Figure 13. Possible photocatalytic mechanism for degradation of tetracycline by red mud–g-C₃N₄^[35]

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表 1 赤泥基光催化材料的制備方法

Table 1. Preparation methods of red mud-based photocatalytic materials

Name	Methods	Main experimental steps	Reference
Red mud photocatalytic material	Calcination modification	The red mud photocatalyst material was obtained by drying, grinding, sieving, calcination, and grinding for red mud.	[24]
Red mud photocatalytic material	Acid modification	The red mud photocatalyst material was prepared by acid leaching, neutralization, hydrothermal synthesis, and washing for red mud.	[25]
Red mud photocatalytic material	Acid modification	The red mud photocatalysis material was obtained by drying, grinding, acid leaching, and washing for red mud.	[26]
Red mud photocatalytic material	Calcination-acid modification	The red mud photocatalytic material was prepared by drying, grinding, acid leaching, and calcination for red mud.	[27]
Red mud–graphene oxide photocatalytic material	Composite modification	The red mud–graphene oxide photocatalytic material was prepared by drying, grinding, compounding with graphene, and filtering for red mud.	[28]
Red mud–Cphotocatalytic material	Composite modification	The red mud–C photocatalytic material was obtained by drying, washing, compounding with ethanol, calcination, and grinding for red mud.	[29]
Red mud–SiO₂ photocatalytic material	Composite modification	The red mud–SiO₂ photocatalytic material was prepared by acid leaching, washing, compounding with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, ammonia water and ethyl orthosilicate, and calcination for red mud.	[30]
Red mud–glass fiber photocatalytic material	Composite modification	The red mud–glass fiber photocatalytic material was prepared by dispersing, smearing on the surface of fiber glass, and calcination for red mud.	[31]
Red mud–Fe photocatalytic material	Composite modification	The red mud–Fe photocatalytic material was prepared by dispersing, compounding with FeCl₃·6H₂O, drying, washing, calcination, and grinding for red mud.	[32]
Red mud–Co photocatalytic material	Composite modification	The red mud–Co photocatalytic material was prepared by dealkalization, calcination, compounding with Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, drying, calcination, and grinding for red mud.	[33]
Red mud–TiO₂photocatalytic material	Composite modification	The red mud–TiO₂ photocatalytic material was prepared by acid leaching, compounding with TiO₂, dispersing, filtering, calcination, and grinding for red mud.	[34]
Red mud–g-C₃N₄photocatalytic material	Composite modification	The red mud–g-C₃N₄ photocatalytic material was prepared by drying, grinding, compounding with melamine, calcination, and grinding for red mud.	[35]
Red mud–C–TiO₂photocatalytic material	Composite modification	The red mud–C–TiO₂ photocatalytic material was obtained by calcination reduction, compounding with acetone, compounding with TiO₂, drying, calcination, and grinding for red mud.	[36]

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