鋅浸出渣有價金屬回收及全質化利用研究進展

王振銀; 高文成; 溫建康; 甘永剛; 武彪; 尚鶴

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.03.16.004

鋅浸出渣有價金屬回收及全質化利用研究進展

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.03.16.004

王振銀^{1, 2, 3, 4},
高文成^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,},
溫建康^{1, 2, 3, 4},
甘永剛⁵,
武彪^{1, 2, 3, 4},
尚鶴^{1, 2, 3, 4}

1.
有研科技集團有限公司生物冶金國家工程實驗室，北京 100088
2.
有研資源環境技術研究院（北京）有限公司，北京 101407
3.
有研工程技術研究院有限公司，北京 101407
4.
北京有色金屬研究總院，北京 100088
5.
紫金礦業集團股份有限公司，上杭 364200

基金項目: 國家重點研發專項計劃資助項目（2018YFC1900403）；云南省科技計劃資助項目（2018IB027）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: gaowc1984@163.com

中圖分類號: TF803.9
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-16
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-25

Research progress in the recovery of valuable metals from zinc leaching residue and its total material utilization

WANG Zhen-yin^{1, 2, 3, 4},
GAO Wen-cheng^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,},
WEN Jian-kang^{1, 2, 3, 4},
GAN Yong-gang⁵,
WU Biao^{1, 2, 3, 4},
SHANG He^{1, 2, 3, 4}

1.
National Engineering Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
2.
GRINM Resources and Environment Tech. Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
3.
GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
4.
General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
5.
Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd., Shanghang 364200, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: gaowc1984@163.com

摘要

摘要: 鋅浸出渣是一種具有較高綜合利用價值的固廢資源。本文針對鋅浸出渣中有價金屬的回收以及全質化利用的研究進展進行了歸納總結：鋅浸出渣中有價金屬的種類多，如鋅、鉛和銀等具有較高的回收價值，其回收工藝主要有火法工藝和濕法工藝。通過對多種典型鋅浸出渣回收工藝的優缺點和適用性的詳細比較分析，提出了微生物浸出?氯鹽浸出聯合的方法，該方法可高效浸出鋅浸出渣中的鋅、鉛和銀，對不同類型的鋅浸出渣具有良好的適用性，展現出了良好的工業應用前景；其次，介紹了鋅浸出渣全質化利用的進展，展望了技術發展方向，鋅浸出渣全質化利用將朝著制備性能優異、精細化和綠色節能的高端材料方向發展，在實現鋅冶煉行業清潔生產的同時努力獲得更大的經濟效益。
- 鋅浸出渣 /
- 有價金屬回收 /
- 微生物法 /
- 固廢處理 /
- 資源化利用
Abstract: China has maintained the world’s highest zinc production for many years, which has generated a tremendous amount of zinc slag, and 60% of which has not been effectively treated. Most of this slag is zinc leaching residue produced by the hydrometallurgical processing of zinc. The accumulation and storage of zinc leaching residue requires large tracts of land and harmful elements like arsenic and cadmium in the residue contaminate the surrounding soil and groundwater. From another perspective, zinc leaching residue represents a solid waste resource with a very high comprehensive utilization value. For example, many valuable metals are present in zinc leaching residue, including zinc, lead, and silver, which have high recovery values. In addition, zinc leaching residue can be fully utilized to produce cement, glass, ceramics, and a range of chemical materials. The comprehensive recovery and total material utilization of zinc leaching residue would help to significantly reduce the burden of its storage. This paper summarized research progress on the recovery of valuable metals from and the total material utilization of zinc leaching residue. Two main methods were used to recover valuable metals from this residue: pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes. Based on a detailed comparative analysis of the advantages, disadvantages, and feasibility of various typical recovery processes, this paper proposed a combined method of bioleaching and chloride leaching for the efficient extraction of zinc, lead, and silver from zinc leaching residue. This combined method has good applicability to different types of zinc leaching residue and good prospects for industrial application. In addition, this paper introduced the progress achieved in the total material utilization of zinc leaching residue and the future development prospects for utilization technologies. The total material utilization of zinc leach residue should be developed to product high-performance, sophisticated, environment-friendly and energy-efficient materials. Greater economic benefit can be gained while realizing clean production in the zinc industry.
- zinc leaching residue /
- recovery /
- bioleaching /
- solid waste treatment /
- resource utilization

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表 1 國內鋅冶煉廠鋅浸出渣中有價金屬成分及含量

Table 1. Compositions and contents of valuable metals in zinc leaching residues of Chinese zinc plants

Factory address	Mass fraction of Zn / %	Mass fraction of Pb / %	Ag / (g?t^?1)	Mass fraction of Fe / %	Mass fraction of Cu / %	Mass fraction of Mn / %	References
Hunan	35.99	1.73		15.93	0.52	0.74	[6]
Guangdong	19.88	3.77	550	24.72			[7]
Yunnan	24.75	0.099	97.2	25.68	1.12	0.13	[8]
Western Hunan	3.941	6.401		7.757		0.416	[9]
Shandong	7.85	5.20	350	9.51			[10]
Domestic somewhere	16.52	4.62	200.29	19.24	0.35		[11]
Inner Mongolia	3.34	6.81	600	17.04	0.18		[12]

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表 2 氯鹽浸出鋅浸出渣中鉛和銀的部分研究結果

Table 2. Analyses of the lead and silver leached from zinc residue by chloride leaching

Material types	Chloride systems	Technological conditions	Contents of Pb and Ag		Leaching rate/%		References
Material types	Chloride systems	Technological conditions	Mass fraction of Pb / %	Contents of Ag / (g?t^?1)	Pb	Ag	References
Zinc leaching residue	NaCl+CaCl₂+HCl	NaCl 300 g?L^?1, CaCl₂ 50 g?L^?1, L/S 8∶1，leaching temperature 85 ℃, leaching time 2.5 h	10.51	644	94.43	91.48	[43]
Zinc leaching residue	NaCl+HCl	NaCl 350 g?L^?1, L/S 15∶1, leaching temperature 95 ℃, leaching time 2 h	12.26	651	96.6	82.1	[44]
Zinc leaching residue	NaCl+H₂SO₄	NaCl 300 g?L^?1, L/S 5∶1, leaching temperature 90 ℃, leaching time 3 h	4.44	187.9	91	97	[45]
Zinc leaching residue	CaCl₂+NaCl+HCl	NaCl 300 g?L^?1, CaCl₂ 25 g?L^?1, L/S 20∶3, leaching temperature 80 ℃, leaching time 2 h	31.33	219.69	95.01	95.05	[46]
Silver flotation concentrate of zinc leaching residue	NaCl+CaCl₂+HCl	NaCl 300 g?L^?1, CaCl₂ 18 g?L^?1, L/S 4∶1, leaching temperature 85 ℃, leaching time 1 h	1.86	5500	96	97	[47]
Zinc leaching residue	NaCl+H₂SO₄	NaCl 300 g?L^?1, L/S 5∶1, initial acid concentration 200 g?L^?1, leaching temperature 90 ℃, leaching time 2 h	5.41	297	94.88	93.24	[48]

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表 3 微生物浸出含鋅物料的研究結果

Table 3. Analyses of the bioleaching of zinc-containing materials

Zinc-containing materials	Bacteria species	Technological conditions	Zinc leaching rate / %	References
Waste Zn?Mn battery	Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Leptospirillum ferriphilum	Leaching temperature 33 ℃, pH 1.9, pulp density 5%, leaching time 13 days	85.1	[59]
Lead and zinc sulfide ore tailings	Thiobacillus ferrooxidans	Leaching temperature 30 ℃, pH 2.0, pulp density 5%, leaching time 50 days	97.85	[60]
Zinc leaching residue	Thiobacillus thiooxidans	Leaching temperature 30 ℃, pH 3.3, pulp density 2%, leaching time 45 days	79	[61]
Zinc-containing copper ore	Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Leptospirillum ferriphilum	Leaching temperature 30 ℃, pH 1.5, pulp density 10%, leaching time 6 days	74.35	[62]
Waste brake pad	Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans	Leaching temperature 30 ℃, pH 1.0, pulp density 4%, leaching time 9 days	72	[63]

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