增減材混合制造的研究進展

果春煥; 王澤昌; 嚴家印; 袁丁; 姜風春; 王建東; 牛中毅

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.06.18.006

增減材混合制造的研究進展

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.06.18.006

哈爾濱工程大學材料科學與化學工程學院，哈爾濱 150001

基金項目: 國家重點研發計劃資助項目（2017YFB1103701）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail：fengchunjiang@hrbeu.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG65
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- 文章訪問數: 2905
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 1863
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-01

Research progress in additive–subtractive hybrid manufacturing

College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: fengchunjiang@hrbeu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 增材制造可以制造通過傳統方法難以制造的復雜部件，因此在航空工業等領域中得到了大規模的應用。然而，增材制造成形部件的尺寸和幾何精度以及表面質量低于傳統方法成形的部件，阻礙了增材制造的進一步應用。增減材混合制造將增材制造與傳統的加工手段結合，對增材制造成形的部件進行高精度數控加工，以改善部件表面光潔度以及零件的幾何和尺寸精度。本文闡述了增減材混合制造的技術原理和研究進展，并指出了未來的發展方向。
- 增材制造 /
- 數控加工 /
- 增減材混合制造 /
- 工藝規劃 /
- 表面質量
Abstract: Compared with the traditional subtractive and equal manufacturing (SM/EM) computer numerical control (CNC) machining, press working, and casting, additive manufacturing (AM) technology has great advantages in the construction of high-complexity parts. Moreover, its material usage rate is high and the production cycle is short. Therefore, AM is the focus of civil aviation and defense industries, which need high-hardness metal materials and precision machining. However, the thermal history of the AM process affects the geometry of the weld pool, causing the workpiece to fail to meet tolerance requirements. Additionally, large temperature gradients and cooling rate inhomogeneity can also lead to excessive residual stress in the formed parts, which may cause deformation or even fracture of the parts. Factors such as poor dimensional and geometric precision, lower surface quality than that in conventionally formed parts, and poor uniformity of material properties hinder further application of AM. To solve the above problems, the concept of additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM) was developed. Additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing combines AM with traditional machining and material reduction technology on a single work platform. It involves alternating additive and material reduction operations to improve the surface quality and the geometric and dimensional accuracy of the parts and alleviate residual stress in the parts. According to the different characteristics of an energy source for AM, this paper expounded the technical principle and research progress of ASHM based on arc, laser, and other energy sources and introduced the research progress of the ASHM process. The advantages and disadvantages of the application of this technology in the industrial field were analyzed, and the future development direction of the technology was presented. The ASHM process is expected to become more intelligent, integrated, and standardized in the future.
- additive manufacturing /
- CNC machining /
- additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing /
- process planning /
- surface quality

HTML全文

圖 1 增減材混合制造原理圖^[4]

Figure 1. Schematic of the ASHM process^[4]

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圖 2 智能微鑄鍛銑混合制造原理圖^[5]

Figure 2. Principle of smart micro-casting, forging, and milling^[5]

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圖 3 ArcHLM工藝采用的帶有冷卻管的夾具^[7]

Figure 3. Universal fixture with coolant ducts used by ArcHLM^[7]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 4 等離子沉積銑削工藝示意圖^[21]

Figure 4. Schematic of the HPDM process^[21]

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圖 5 非均勻層構建策略示意圖^[31]。（a）非均勻層；（b）等厚層；（c）加工成等厚層

Figure 5. Schematic of non-uniform-layer construction strategy^[31]: (a) non-uniform thickness layer; (b) uniform thickness layer; (c) machining process to form uniform thickness layer

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

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