生物質鍋爐氮氧化物排放控制技術研究進展

毛洪鈞; 李悅寧; 林應超; 王婷; 李維尊; 鞠美庭; 朱復東

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.01.001

生物質鍋爐氮氧化物排放控制技術研究進展

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.01.001

1.
南開大學環境科學與工程學院城市交通污染防治研究中心, 天津 300071
2.
南開大學天津市生物質類固廢資源化技術工程中心, 天津 300071
3.
江蘇東工生物質能研究院有限公司, 鹽城 224007

基金項目:

天津市重點研發計劃科技支撐重點資助項目 18YFZCNC01410

天津市應用基礎與前沿技術研究計劃(青年項目)資助項目 15JCQNJC15200

天津市科技支撐重點資助項目 16YFZCSF00410

詳細信息

通訊作者:
王婷, E-mail: wangting@nankai.edu.cn

中圖分類號: X511
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2017-12-01
- 刊出日期: 2019-01-01

Overview of advances in emission control technologies for nitric oxides from biomass boilers

1.
Centre for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
2.
Tianjin Municipal Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology and Engineering Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
3.
Jiangsu Donggong Biomass Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd, Yancheng 224007, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Ting, E-mail: wangting@nankai.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 生物質燃料中含有的燃料氮含量較低, 但是大約70%~100%(質量分數)的氮最終會轉化為NO_x, 并且秸稈等生物質燃料燃燒排放的NO_x含量較木質燃料等更高.此外, 近年來, 我國空氣質量面臨嚴峻態勢, NO_x是常見的大氣污染物, 對居民身體健康、生產和生活有很大影響.因此, 本文對目前國內外的NO_x燃燒控制技術進行綜述, 總結了各類技術的優缺點, 及我國目前對于生物質鍋爐NO_x控制技術遇到的瓶頸, 并對該研究領域的未來趨勢做出展望.
- 生物質 /
- 燃料燃燒 /
- 氮氧化物 /
- 控制技術 /
- 脫硝
Abstract: Currently, fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas are the world's primary energy sources. However, it is anticipated that these energy sources will be depleted in less than 100 years. As such, the development of new energy technologies is urgently needed. Biomass is one of the earliest sources of energy, and is used especially in rural areas where it is often the only one that is accessible and affordable. With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental degradation, biomass energy is attracting increasing attention around the world. Compared with fossil fuel, biomass is carbon neutral and sustainable, and has a smaller greenhouse gas footprint and lower SO₂ emission levels. In addition, biomass energy remains the only renewable green energy that can be stored and transported. A number of countries have developed mature and proven combustion technologies, but these technologies are mainly based on wood biomass fuels. Unlike these developed countries, China is a large agricultural country with a limited amount of available firewood. As such, foreign experience cannot be fully applied in China. Although biomass fuels typically have relatively low fuel-N contents, this fuel-N between 70%-100% mass fraction is converted to NO_x during combustion. In addition, the combustion of straw and other biomass fuels emits more NO_x than wood fuels. In recent years, the air quality in China has become a serious public health concern, and NO_x is a widespread atmospheric pollutant with significant impacts on human health and the economy. In this paper, an overview of biomass combustion technologies and NO_x control systems in China and around the world was presented, and their advantages and disadvantages were summarized. The main bottleneck was identified in NO_x control technologies with respect to biomass boilers in China and the development of new technologies in this field was predicted.
- biomass fuel /
- combustion /
- nitric oxides /
- control technology /
- de-NO_x

HTML全文

圖 1 燃料型NO_x(a)和快速型NO_x(b)的生成機理

Figure 1. Mechanism of the formation of NO_x fuel (a) and prompt NO_x(b)

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

表 1 不同來源生物質燃料工業分析、元素組成和熱值

Table 1. Statistics regarding industrial analysis index, elemental composition, and calorific value of different biomass fuels

生物質燃料			工業分析/%			熱值/(MJ·kg^-1)	元素質量分數/%				參考文獻
生物質燃料			灰分	揮發分	固定碳	熱值/(MJ·kg^-1)	C	H	S	N	參考文獻
木質	原料	云杉木	1.50	70.20	29.30	20.50	51.40	6.10	0	0.30	[8-10]
		白楊木	2.70	84.81	12.49	19.38	48.45	5.85	0.01	0.47	[11-12]
		櫸木	0.50	82.50	17.00	19.60	49.50	6.20	0.01	0.40	[8, 13-14]
	成型燃料		0.40	81.52	13.20	18.52	44.66	7.64	0.10	0.32	[15]
玉米秸稈	原料		2.80	82.20	15.00	10.73	49.40	5.60	0.10	0.60	[9, 11, 13]
玉米秸稈	成型燃料		8.96	69.18	17.62	15.29	43.76	5.60	0.18	1.09	[16]
稻草	原料		18.67	65.47	15.86	14.00	38.45	5.28	—	0.88	[8, 12, 17]
稻草	成型燃料		13.86	65.11	16.06	13.98	38.32	5.06	0.11	0.63	[18]
小麥秸稈	原料		7.02	75.27	17.71	19.30	49.40	6.10	0.17	0.70	[8, 12, 14]
小麥秸稈	成型燃料		8.90	67.36	19.35	15.37	41.28	5.31	0.18	0.65	[18]
核桃殼	原料		2.80	59.30	37.90	—	53.60	6.60	0.10	1.50	[9, 13]
核桃殼	成型燃料		0.68	80.88	18.44	17.60	51.11	5.80	0.05	0.20	[19]
鋸末	原料		2.80	82.20	15.00	18.02	55.34	5.83	0.00	0.09	[13, 20-21]
	成型燃料		0.96	80.30	18.70	18.64	52.15	5.37	0.01	0.10	[20-21]
榛子殼	原料		1.40	69.30	28.30	19.50	50.80	5.60	0.00	1.00	[8-10]
榛子殼	成型燃料		2.28	20.61	77.11	19.85	53.50	6.10	—	—	[22]
煙煤			20.64	21.05	50.01	23.38	61.33	3.20	0.49	0.85	[18]
無煙煤			16.80	8.00	67.20	20.97	67.70	3.10	0.70	1.00	[18]

下載: 導出CSV

表 2 不同生物質成型燃料NO_x排放情況

Table 2. NO_x emission concentration of different biomass briquettes

生物質燃料	后處理方式	NO_x質量濃度/(mg·m^-3)	參考文獻
木質成型燃料	多管除塵器	207.9	[18]
木質成型燃料	水膜除塵器	337.4	[18]
花生殼成型燃料	水膜除塵器	264.6	[18]
棉花秸稈成型燃料	水膜除塵器	375.1	[18]
玉米秸稈成型燃料	水膜除塵器	601.3	[18]

下載: 導出CSV

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