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基于ANSYS Workbench的某邊三輪車架有限元強度分析

Finite element strength analysis of a side trike frame based on ANSYS Workbench

  • 摘要: 近年來,隨著車輛設計向輕量化、高強度化方向發展,邊三輪車車架作為關鍵的承載結構,其性能直接影響車輛的整體強度和穩定性. 車架在復雜工況下承受縱向彎曲、橫向彎曲和扭轉載荷,因此在設計車架過程中不僅需滿足強度和剛度要求,還需確保車架長期使用的可靠性與安全性. 有限元分析(Finite element analysis, FEA)作為一種高效的結構性能研究手段,能夠通過精確建模和仿真分析對車架在靜態和動態載荷作用下的應力分布、變形及振動特性進行全面評估,從而為結構性能的驗證提供理論依據和數據支持. 相較于傳統經驗設計與試驗驗證方法,有限元分析具有高效性和精確性的優勢,已廣泛應用于車架結構的設計和分析. 然而,現有研究多集中于車架的輕量化設計,對于標準載荷條件下對既有設計的性能驗證研究較為稀缺. 本研究針對某邊三輪車架,基于ANSYS Workbench有限元分析軟件對其結構性能進行系統驗證. 首先,采用APDL語言編寫參數化建模命令流,建立了車架的三維模型,并對非承載部分進行了合理簡化處理,以提高計算效率;其次,通過靜力學分析,評估車架在設計載荷下的應力分布和變形情況,驗證其強度設計的合理性;再次,通過模態分析獲取車架的前六階固有頻率和振型,評估其動態特性及共振風險;最后,結合路面振動臺架試驗,驗證車架在實際振動環境下的穩定性和耐久性. 本研究旨在驗證現有設計的合理性,為邊三輪車架在實際工況下的強度和動態性能提供科學評估,同時為類似結構的設計與工程應用提供重要參考.

     

    Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid advancements in automotive engineering and rising demand for lightweight and high-strength vehicles, the frame of three-wheelers has emerged as a vital structural component that significantly impacted the overall stability and integrity of the vehicle. This component is responsible for supporting various loads and maintaining the structural balance under diverse and often unpredictable real-world operating conditions. The frame must withstand a range of complex load types, such as longitudinal bending, lateral bending, and torsional loads while adhering to the stringent design requirements for strength and stiffness. Given these requirements, the frame’s structural reliability is critical to ensuring vehicle safety and performance. Modern computational tools, particularly finite element analysis (FEA), have revolutionized the approach to vehicle design by providing a detailed understanding of how components perform under various conditions. FEA enables precise evaluation of critical parameters such as stress distribution, deformation, and vibration behavior under both static and dynamic loads. Compared to traditional design methods that rely heavily on empirical calculations and experimental prototyping, FEA provides improved efficiency, accuracy, and versatility, allowing engineers to optimize designs more effectively and shorten development cycles. Despite the widespread use of FEA in lightweight and optimization studies, few efforts have been made to systematically verify existing frame designs under standard operating loads. This study addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis of a side three-wheeler frame using ANSYS Workbench. Initially, a detailed parametric model of the frame was developed using APDL scripting to streamline the creation of a precise three-dimensional representation. During the modeling process, non-load-bearing components were simplified to enhance computational efficiency while maintaining accuracy. Static analysis was then performed to evaluate the stress distribution and deformation of the frame under predefined design loads. The results confirmed that all stress levels remained within the allowable limits of the frame material, thereby validating the strength design and ensuring structural safety. To further investigate the frame’s dynamic behavior, modal analysis was performed to calculate the first six natural frequencies and their corresponding vibration modes. The analysis revealed that the natural frequencies were well-separated from common excitation frequencies encountered during vehicle operation, effectively mitigating the risk of resonance. This result is critical for ensuring stable and reliable performance under dynamic conditions. To validate the computational results, experimental road vibration tests were conducted using a vibration test bench. These tests simulated real-world operating conditions by subjecting the frame to repeated vibration cycles and assessing its stability, durability, and overall performance under harsh conditions. The experimental results demonstrated minimal deformation and no evidence of structural damage, indicating that the frame design is robust and reliable. Time-domain vibration acceleration data, with a fluctuation range of ?0.4g to 0.4g, supported the vehicle’s dynamic performance. By combining advanced computational methods with experimental validation, this study provides a more holistic and reliable evaluation of the frame’s structural performance. The integration of FEA modeling, static and dynamic analysis, and real-world testing ensures that the frame meets all safety and performance requirements. This systematic approach not only confirms the rationality and safety of the current design but also provides valuable insights for assessing and improving similar load-bearing structures in future vehicle applications. The results of this study contribute to the development of safe, reliable, and high-performance vehicles, highlighting the importance of simulation-driven engineering and experimental verification in advancing modern automotive design practices.

     

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