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基于改進水平集模型的心臟圖像分割算法

Research on cardiac image segmentation algorithm based on improved level set modeling

  • 摘要: 近年來,基于變分水平集方法的心臟醫學圖像分割在圖像處理中得到廣泛的應用,然而,由于圖像灰度不均勻性和梯度下降法中的符號距離函數導致圖像在分割中有計算復雜、運算成本較高的問題. 為了解決這些問題,本文在自適應局部擬合(Adaptive local fitting, ALF)模型的基礎上修改并加入邊緣檢測函數,提出了一種改進的活動輪廓模型,并與圖像分割的快速計算算法——乘子交替方向法(Alternating direction method of multipliers, ADMM)相結合來求解水平集方程. 本文提出的新水平集圖像分割模型,包含了圖像的鄰域信息,可以更好的解決圖像不均勻的問題;利用傳統的梯度下降法來分割圖像會有耗時長、計算成本高等問題,而用ADMM算法代替傳統算法,原本復雜的問題可以被拆分成若干個簡單的子問題,逐一解決這些子問題能夠更快速并準確地解決整個問題,進而解決了傳統模型存在耗時長、計算復雜、計算成本高的問題. 實驗結果表明新模型不僅對灰度不均勻的圖像具有較強的魯棒性,還具有更高的分割效率和精度.

     

    Abstract: In recent years, cardiac medical image segmentation using the variational level-set method has been widely applied in image processing. However, the uneven grayscale of images and the symbolic distance function in the gradient descent method lead to issues such as computational complexity and high computational cost during segmentation. To address these challenges, this paper introduces modifications to the edge detection function based on the adaptive local fitting model and develops an improved active contour model. This model is combined with fast computational image segmentation algorithm, alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), to solve the level-set equations. The proposed approach, called the neighbor level set minimized with the ADMM method, incorporates a data fitting term that leverages neighbor region information for enhanced medical image segmentation. The introduction of the edge detection function smooths homogeneous regions and enhances edge information. The proposed model effectively addresses common issues in medical image segmentation, such as intensity inhomogeneity, and produces accurate and fast results. The problem of inaccurate segmentation is resolved by introducing a new level set active contour model that incorporates neighborhood information to precisely segment the region of interest. The model mitigates the impact of grayscale variations by leveraging local contextual information, which improves segmentation accuracy. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a new model for medical image segmentation based on a neighborhood-level set framework and the ADMM method. Our energy function comprises three terms: the data fitting term, the length term, and the regularization term, which together balance the fitting energy and ensure a smooth boundary. The ADMM method is then employed to minimize the energy function and achieve the final segmentation result. Traditional segmentation methods, such as gradient descent, are often time-consuming, computationally complex, and costly. In contrast, the proposed approach breaks down a complex problem into several simpler sub-problems that can be solved sequentially to enable faster and more accurate resolution using the ADMM algorithm. This approach also effectively addresses the challenges posed by level-set equations. Experimental results demonstrate that the new model is not only robust to uneven grayscale images but also achieves higher segmentation efficiency and accuracy. The model demonstrates the ability to quickly generate curves and accurately represent the contours of cardiac images. To evaluate its effectiveness, we conduct comparative experiments using the Dice coefficient and Jaccard index as evaluation metrics. The experimental results show that our proposed model consistently achieves higher Dice coefficients and Jaccard indices compared with other existing models. This achievement highlights its superior segmentation performance. In conclusion, our improved level-set contour model, combined with the fast computational ADMM algorithm, provides an effective solution to the challenges commonly encountered in medical image segmentation. It offers significant improvements in accuracy, computational efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.

     

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