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鋰鈉冰晶石的沉淀?溶解平衡

Precipitation–dissolution equilibrium of lithium sodium cryolite

  • 摘要: 新能源行業的迅猛發展,使廢舊磷酸鐵鋰(LiFePO4)電池的高值回收再利用成為目前的研究熱點. 但其正極粉料夾帶殘留的鋁集流體,導致回收制備的磷酸鐵(FePO4)中鋁含量偏高,從而影響再生FePO4的電化學性能. 本文以硫酸鋁、硫酸鋰、硫酸鈉和氟化銨為原料,通過調控氟鋁配位合成鋰鈉冰晶石(Na3Li3Al2F12),研究其沉淀?溶解平衡行為,為廢舊 LiFePO4 粉料酸浸液氟化配位除Al提供依據. 系統考察了配位沉淀過程中F/Al摩爾比、Na/Al摩爾比、Li/Al摩爾比、反應初始pH、反應溫度以及反應時間的影響. 得出優化的沉淀條件:F/Al摩爾比為7、Na/Al摩爾比為1.5、Li/Al摩爾比為2、反應溫度70 ℃、反應pH為4.5以及反應時間3 h. 在最佳工藝條件下,氟化劑配位沉Al 后,濾液中各離子濃度趨于穩定,其中Al3+質量濃度為75.02 mg?L?1. 此外,探究了Na3Li3Al2F12在不同pH溶液中的溶解度. 在溫度30 ℃,pH小于3時,酸度越大,Na3Li3Al2F12的溶解度越大,pH大于3時,pH值對Na3Li3Al2F12溶解度影響不大. 為驗證其具有指導意義,在實際應用中,廢舊LiFePO4正極材料酸浸液NaF配位沉Al后,Al3+沉淀率達99.4%,實現深度除Al.

     

    Abstract: A strong affinity is observed between fluorine and aluminum, which can both easily undergo sixth-level complexation to form \mathrmAlF_6^3- . Their coexistence with alkali metal ions (such as Li and Na) leads to the formation of a homogeneous solid solution, namely aluminum–sodium composite lithium salt, based on the stoichiometric ratio between the ions. The considerable affinity between fluorine–aluminum bonds and the insoluble nature of fluoroaluminate precipitation provide important guidance for the harmless treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater, aluminum removal from lithium battery positive electrode powder acid leaching solution, electrolytic aluminum smelting industry, and the geochemical and environmental chemical behavior research of aluminum and phosphorus in acidic fluorine-polluted soil. A current research hotspot focuses on the high-value recycling and reusing of iron and phosphorus components in waste lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries due to the rapid development of the new energy industry. However, the residual aluminum collector fluid transported by the positive electrode powder had high aluminum content in the recovered iron phosphate (FePO4), thereby affecting the electrochemical performance of regenerated FePO4 and reducing economic benefits. In this study, the synthesis of lithium sodium cryolite (Na3Li3Al2F12) by regulating the coordination of fluorine and aluminum was conducted using aluminum sulfate, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and ammonium fluoride as raw materials. A basis for the fluorination coordination and removal of Al from waste LiFePO4 powder acid leaching solutions is presented based on an investigation of the precipitation–dissolution equilibrium behavior of Na3Li3Al2F12. The effects of the F/Al, Na/Al, and Li/Al molar ratios, initial reaction pH, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the coordination precipitation process were also investigated. The following optimized precipitation conditions were obtained: F/Al molar ratio of 7, Na/Al molar ratio of 1.5, Li/Al molar ratio of 2, reaction temperature of 70 ℃, reaction pH of 4.5, and reaction time of 3 h. Under optimal process conditions, the concentrations of various ions in the filtrate tended to stabilize after coordination and precipitation of Al through the fluorinating agent, revealing an Al3+ concentration of 75.43 mg?L?1. The solubility of Na3Li3Al2F12 in solutions with different values of pH was also investigated. At a temperature of 30 ℃ and a pH of less than 3, high acidity led to the high solubility of Na3Li3Al2F12. The pH had a minimal effect on the solubility of Na3Li3Al2F12 when the pH exceeded 3. Considering its guiding significance in practical applications, Al3+ reached a precipitation rate of 99.4% after NaF coordination precipitation of waste LiFePO4 cathode material acid leaching solution, thereby realizing deep removal of Al.

     

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