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堆浸體系內微細顆粒在孔隙內遷移和附著規律

Study on migration and adhesion of fine particles in the pores of a heap leaching system

  • 摘要: 在堆浸過程中,堆浸體系內游離的顆粒會隨著溶液的流動而移動,從而對浸出的速度和效率產生影響. 對于粒徑較小的微細顆粒,雖然難以對礦石顆粒間孔隙產生堵塞,但其在孔隙壁表面的大量附著也會影響溶液對礦石的內滲從而降低浸出效率. 本文基于真實的孔隙結構使用Fluent軟件開展仿真模擬實驗,從粒徑、顆粒密度和流體流速三個方面探究它們對微細顆粒在孔隙內遷移和附著行為的影響. 模擬結果表明,當顆粒粒徑為1×10–6 m時幾乎沒有顆粒會沉積附著在孔隙內. 而隨著粒徑的增大,在1×10–6~1×10–4 m的粒徑范圍內,附著在孔隙壁表面的顆粒數量會呈現先增多后減少的趨勢,且對于不同密度的顆粒,其附著數量在峰值處的占比均超過了90%. 觀察發現顆粒的主要附著部位為彎孔隙的外壁以及流速較小、坡度較緩的小孔隙內. 分析認為粒徑和密度越大的顆粒,其重力和慣性對其運動軌跡的影響越大,而流體對其軌跡運動的影響越小,在遷移過程中更容易靠近孔隙壁從而導致顆粒附著. 且大粒徑、大密度的顆粒主要在大孔隙內遷移,軌跡較為集中. 而小粒徑、低密度的顆粒,在高流速流體內遷移時,其水平運動幅度更大,遷移軌跡分布更加分散,更容易進入小孔隙內遷移.

     

    Abstract: In the heap leaching process, the free particles in the heap leaching system move with the flow of the solution, which affects the speed and efficiency of the leaching. For small grain-size particles, although it is difficult to clog the interparticle pores, a large amount of them attached to the pore wall also affects the infiltration of solution into the ores, which decreases the leaching efficiency. In this work, based on the real pore structure, Fluent software was applied to perform simulations, and the influences of particle size, particle density, and fluid flow velocity on the migration and adhesion behavior of fine particles in the pore were examined. The simulation results reveal that when the particle size is 1×10?6 m, almost no particles are deposited in the pores. With increasing particle size from 1×10?6 to 1×10?4 m, the number of particles attached to the surface of the pore wall first increases and then decreases. For particles with different densities, the number of attached particles accounts for more than 90% at the peak. The main adhesion sites of particles are the outer walls of curved pores and the small pores with low flow velocity and low slope. The analysis shows that the larger the particle size and density, the greater the influence of gravity and inertia on its trajectory, the smaller the influence of fluid on its trajectory, and the easier it is to become close to the pore wall during migration, leading to particle attachment. Moreover, the large particle size and large density particles primarily migrate in the large pores, and the trajectories are relatively concentrated. However, when small particle size and small density particles migrate in high flow velocity fluid, their horizontal motion amplitude is larger, the migration trajectory distribution is more dispersed, and the distribution is also in small pores. The adhesion of fine particles is not conducive to mineral leaching in the actual heap leaching process. In this study, the migration and adhesion laws of fine particles in pores were examined by simulations. The results reveal that it is necessary to take measures to decrease the content of fine particles when the content of fine particles is too high in the actual production process to avoid the adverse effects of particle adhesion on leaching.

     

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