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加熱溫度對熱成形中錳鋼氫脆敏感性的影響

Effect of heating temperature on the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility in hot stamped medium-Mn steel

  • 摘要: 對0.1C–5Mn中錳鋼在不同溫度(850、950和1000 ℃)加熱后進行熱成形處理,利用電化學預充氫、慢應變速率拉伸及氫滲透實驗等研究了加熱溫度對其氫脆敏感性的影響. 結果表明,試驗鋼在不同溫度加熱后進行熱成形處理,其組織全部為馬氏體,同時因自回火而生成一定量的ε-碳化物,且隨著加熱溫度的升高,原奧氏體晶粒尺寸增加,而試驗鋼的強度和塑性逐漸降低. 當加熱溫度為850 ℃時獲得了較好的強度與塑性配合,強塑積為22 GPa·%. 隨著加熱溫度升高,充氫樣中的可擴散氫含量明顯降低而非可擴散氫含量有所增加,而以相對缺口抗拉強度損失表征的氫脆敏感性指數及有效氫擴散系數呈現先升高后顯著降低的變化趨勢,當加熱溫度為1000 ℃時,氫脆敏感性最低. 進一步斷口分析表明,試驗鋼充氫斷口起裂區均為沿著原奧氏晶界的沿晶斷裂. 試驗鋼的這種氫脆斷裂行為主要與熱成形中錳鋼的強度水平及自回火析出的ε-碳化物有關. 與常用的傳統熱成形鋼22MnB5相比,試驗鋼的氫脆敏感性較高,這主要與其Ms點(馬氏體轉變開始溫度)較低而使得自回火程度較低等有關.

     

    Abstract: Medium-Mn steel with M3 microstructural characteristics (multiphase, multiscale, and metastable) is a promising third-generation automotive steel owing to its remarkable combination of ultrahigh strength and ductility. Hot stamping of medium-Mn steel is a new approach that integrates steel stamping and quenching, during which the formability and mechanical properties of the steel are enhanced. However, there exists an increasing danger of hydrogen-induced degradation of mechanical properties with increasing steel strength grade, and minimal research is available on the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility of hot stamped medium-Mn steel. With this aim, the susceptibility to HE of a widely used medium-Mn steel 0.1C–5Mn subjected to hot stamping at 850, 950, and 1000 ℃ was examined using electrochemical hydrogen charging, hydrogen permeation test, and slow strain rate tensile test. The results of microstructural evaluation reveal that all hot stamped samples have a full martensite microstructure with a certain amount of needle-like ε-carbide precipitates owing to self-tempering during the hot stamping process. With increasing heating temperature, the prior austenite grain size increased, whereas the strength and ductility of the tested steel gradually decreased. At 850 ℃, a good combination of strength and ductility was obtained, and the product of the ultimate tensile strength and total elongation was 22 GPa·%. With increasing heating temperature, the content of diffusible hydrogen remarkably decreased, and that of nondiffusible hydrogen increased, whereas the HE index (HEI) expressed by the relative notch tensile strength loss and effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient initially increased and then decreased. The HE susceptibility of the sample heating to 1000 ℃ with an HEI value of ~65% was the lowest among the three samples examined. Further fracture analysis demonstrated that the prehydrogen-charged samples were fractured by intergranular cracking along the boundaries of prior austenite grains in the crack initiation region. It is concluded that the variations in the susceptibility to HE of the tested medium-Mn steel with heating temperature are primarily owing to the changes in strength and self-tempered ε-carbide precipitates during the hot stamping process. Compared with the currently widely used hot stamping steel 22MnB5 with an HEI value of ~62%, the susceptibility to HE of the hot stamped medium-Mn steel of interest remains a little higher than the steel 22MnB5, which is primarily owing to its relatively low martensite transformation start temperature (Ms) and thus low self-tempering degree.

     

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