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鋼鐵工業煙氣脫硝技術應用進展及前景

Progress and prospects of flue gas deNOx technology for the iron and steel industry

  • 摘要: 氮氧化物(NOx)已成為我國首要大氣污染物,鋼鐵工業是工業源NOx排放的主要來源。燒結、球團、煉焦等工序是鋼鐵工業NOx超低排放改造的重點,但其煙氣特性與火電廠煙氣存在差異,煙氣脫硝技術不能完全照搬現有燃煤鍋爐脫硝工藝。目前,選擇性催化還原(SCR)、活性炭(焦)(AC)吸附催化、臭氧(O3)氧化協同吸收等技術已在燒結、球團、煉焦等工序成功應用,并均取得了良好效果。本文針對鋼鐵工業超低排放的迫切需求,梳理了鋼鐵工業燒結、球團、煉焦等主要工序的現有煙氣脫硝技術及其應用,重點總結并對比分析了SCR技術、AC吸附催化和O3氧化協同吸收技術的應用進展及優劣勢。其中,SCR技術正逐步成為鋼鐵工業脫硝市場的主流技術,占比超過70%,因此脫硝催化劑及其再生具有長期巨大的市場需求。AC吸附催化和O3氧化協同吸收等新型技術因其適用溫度低,無需煙氣升溫等,在鋼鐵工業越來越受到青睞,將逐步得到更多鋼鐵企業的支持。

     

    Abstract: Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the primary air pollutant in China. The iron and steel industries have become the primary industrial sources of NOx emissions in China. The NOx emissions from iron and steel industries account for 27.3% of all industrial NOx emissions from sources nationwide, surpassing thermal power generation and cement manufacturing. Over the past ten years, China’s iron and steel industry has achieved tremendous results in flue gas desulfurization, but a huge gap in denitrogenate (deNOx) still remains. In 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and other departments jointly issued “Opinions on Promoting the Implementation of Ultra-low Emission in the Iron and Steel Industry”, which promoted the retrofitting of ultra-low emission in the iron and steel industry. Sintering, pelleting, coking, and other processes are the focus of retrofitting for NOx emissions. Because their low-temperature flue gas contains several contaminants that differ from the flue gas of thermal power plants, they cannot completely copy the existing deNOx technology for the coal-fired boiler flue gas of thermal power plants. At present, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), activated carbon (AC) adsorption catalysis, ozone (O3) oxidation and absorption, and other technologies are used in sintering, pelleting, and coking processes. These technologies have achieved good results. Herein, we investigated the existing flue gas deNOx technologies for sintering, pelleting, and coking processes in iron and steel industries and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of SCR technology, AC adsorption catalysis, and O3 oxidation and absorption technologies. The SCR technology has high efficiency and reliable performance, but the operation process requires heating of the flue gas, which uses large amounts of blast furnace gas or coking oven gas, and the service life of the catalyst is typically approximately three years. The waste SCR catalysts are recognized as HW50 hazardous waste. AC adsorption catalytic technology can simultaneously desulfurize and deNOx; its operating temperature is low without flue gas reheating. The by-product of H2SO4 can be utilized, and the waste AC produced can be directly used for sintering or coking, while its deNOx efficiency is low. O3 oxidation and absorption technologies have a low initial investment cost and require little floor space. However, their operating cost is relatively high, and the coabsorption of NOx and SO2 makes the desulfurization ash mixed with nitrate, which increases the difficulty of comprehensive utilization. Finally, we analyzed the application possibilities of SCR and other technologies, providing a reference for the development and selection of deNOx technologies for flue gas from the iron and steel industry.

     

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