間隙原子摻雜高熵合金的研究進展

朱晨輝; 徐流杰; 劉美君; 郭明宜

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.10.24.006

間隙原子摻雜高熵合金的研究進展

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.10.24.006

朱晨輝¹,
徐流杰^{1, 2, ,},
劉美君¹,
郭明宜¹

1.
河南科技大學材料科學與工程學院，洛陽 471000
2.
河南科技大學金屬材料磨損控制與成型技術國家地方聯合工程研究中心，洛陽 471000

基金項目: 國家重點研發計劃資助項目（2020YFB2008400）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: wmxlj@126.com

中圖分類號: TG132.3
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- 文章訪問數: 294
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 142
- PDF下載量: 81
- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-24
- 網絡出版日期: 2023-01-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-25

Research progress on interstitial-atom-doped high-entropy alloys

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
2.
Engineering Research Center of Tribology & Materials Protection (Ministry of Education), Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: wmxlj@126.com

摘要

摘要: 分析了間隙原子C、N、O、B對高熵合金組織和性能的影響；總結了四種間隙原子含量及其產生的固溶強化、晶粒細化、第二相強化作用對高熵合金組織及性能等方面影響，大量的研究表明，在高熵合金體系中摻雜間隙原子不僅可以調控相結構組成（促進/抑制相變，析出第二相顆粒），還可以改變其形變機制（TWIP、TRIP效應）以實現材料的強韌化。其有效利用既可以拓寬高熵合金的設計思路，也可以有效降低航空材料的制備成本。最后提出了含間隙原子的高強高韌高熵合金組織結構設計研究的新方向：（1）了解不同類型高熵合金的摻雜機理，建立更適合高熵合金體系的固溶強化模型；（2）找出合適的間隙原子及其摻雜量來調節高熵合金微觀結構和力學性能。研究設計摻雜不同間隙原子的高熵合金有望揭示不同間隙原子對其相結構、形變機制和力學性能的影響，具有重要的科學及工程實踐意義。
- 高熵合金 /
- 間隙原子 /
- 力學性能 /
- 相組成 /
- 強化機制
Abstract: High-entropy alloy has become a research hotspot because of its unique microstructure and mechanical properties. The appearance of high-entropy alloy breaks the design concept of traditional alloy with one or two elements as the main element and other elements as the auxiliary element, providing a broader space for the development of new materials. Conventional alloys are generally optimized by four different strengthening methods, as are high-entropy alloys consisting of five or more elements. Appropriately doped interstitial atoms with small atomic sizes (such as C, B, O, and N) can dissolve into crystal interstice, combine with alloying elements to form a fine microstructure and dispersion-strengthened phase, and improve the properties of high-entropy alloy by reducing the layer fault energy and changing the dislocation motion mode. Therefore, exploring the effect of interstitial atom doping on the properties of high-entropy alloys is conducive to promoting the application of high-entropy alloys in different material fields. The effects of the interstitial atoms C, N, O, and B on the microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys are analyzed. The contents of four kinds of interstitial atoms and their effects on the microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys are summarized. Numerous studies have shown that doping interstitial atoms can not only regulate the structural composition of the phase (i.e., promote/inhibit the phase transformation and precipitate the second phase particles) in high-entropy alloy systems. The deformation mechanism, i.e., TWIP (Twinning induced plasticity) and TRIP（Transformation induced plasticity) effects, can also be changed to strengthen and toughen the material. Its effective utilization can not only broaden the design idea of high-entropy alloy but also effectively reduce the preparation cost of aviation materials. Finally, a new direction in microstructure design of high-strength, high-toughness, and high-entropy alloys containing interstitial atoms is proposed to (1) understand the doping mechanism of different types of high-entropy alloys and establish a solution-strengthening model more suitable for high-entropy alloy systems and (2) determine the appropriate interstitial atoms and doping amount to adjust the microstructures and mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys. The study and design of high-entropy alloys doped with different interstitial atoms are expected to reveal the effects of different interstitial atoms on the phase structure, deformation mechanism, and mechanical properties, which have important scientific and engineering practical significance.
- high-entropy alloy /
- interstitial atom /
- mechanical properties /
- phase composition /
- strengthening mechanism

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圖 1 鑄態NbTaW_0.5TiC_x合金的背散射電子圖片^[30]. (a) ACT0；(b) ACT10；(c) ACT20；(d) ACT30

Figure 1. Backscattered electron images of as-cast NbTaW_0.5TiC_x alloy^[30]: (a) ACT0; (b) ACT10; (c) ACT20; (d) ACT30

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圖 2 退火態NbTaW_0.5TiC_x合金的背散射電子圖片^[30]. (a) ANT0；(b) ANT10；(c) ANT20；(d) ANT30

Figure 2. Backscattered electron images of annealed NbTaW_0.5TiC_x alloy^[30]: (a) ANT0; (b) ANT10; (c) ANT20; (d) ANT30

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圖 3 NbTaW_0.5TiC_x合金的室溫力學性能圖^[30]. (a)鑄態壓縮應力–應變曲線；(b)退火態壓縮應力–應變曲線

Figure 3. Mechanical properties of as-cast NbTaW_0.5TiC_x alloys at room temperature^[30]: (a) ACT compression stress–strain curve; (b) ANT compression stress–strain curve

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圖 4 (Ti₂ZrHfV_0.5Mo_0.2)_1–xN_x合金的(a)平均維氏硬度、(b)壓縮應力–應變曲線和(c)壓縮屈服強度隨N含量的變化^[35]

Figure 4. (a) Average Vickers hardness, (b) compressive stress–strain curves, and (c) compressive yield strength of the (Ti₂ZrHfV_0.5Mo_0.2)_1–xN_x alloy^[35]

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圖 5 TiZrHfNb、（TiZrHfNb）₉₈O₂和（TiZrHfNb）₉₈N₂高熵合金的力學性能. （a）拉伸應力–應變曲線；（b）高熵合金強度和伸長率與典型高性能合金對比圖^[42]

Figure 5. Mechanical properties of TiZrHfNb, (TiZrHfNb) ₉₈O₂ and (TiZrHfNb) ₉₈N₂ high entropy alloys: (a) tensile stress–strain curves; (b) strength and elongation of high entropy alloy compared with typical high performance alloy^[42]

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圖 6 TiZrHfNbO耐火材料HEA經過（a）SST和（b）STA熱處理后的拉伸真實應力應變曲線^[44]

Figure 6. Tensile true stress–strain curves of TiZrHfNbO refractory HEAs underwent (a) SST and (b) STA heat treatments^[44]

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圖 7 不同O含量的(a) SST和(b) STA狀態下TiZrHfNbO HEAs的X射線衍射圖及背散射SEM圖像. (c) O-0-SST; (d) O-1.0-SST; (e) O-2.0-SST; (f) O-0-STA; (g) O-1.0-STA; (h) O-2.0-STA^[44]

Figure 7. X-ray diffraction and backscattering SEM images of TiZrHfNbO HEAs with different O contents underwent (a) SST and (b) STA: (c) O-0-SST; (d) O-1.0-SST; (e) O-2.0-SST; (f) O-0-STA; (g) O-1.0-the STA; (h) O-2.0-STA^[44]

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圖 8 燒結的B₀和B_0.015(a)的XRD圖譜，B₀(b)和B_0.015(d)的SEM微結構，以及B₀(c)和B_0.015(e)的EBSD反極圖映射圖像^[50]

Figure 8. XRD patterns of the sintered B₀ and B_0.015 (a), SEM microstructures of B₀ (b) and B_0.015 (d), and EBSD inverse pole figure mapping images of B₀ (c) and B_0.015 (e)^[50]

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圖 9 強度對B₀和B_0.015 RHEA屈服強度的貢獻

Figure 9. Strength contributions to the yield strength of the B₀ and B_0.015 RHEAs

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表 1 NbTaW_0.5TiC_x合金的室溫力學性能參數^[30]

Table 1. Room-temperature mechanical properties of NbTaW_0.5TiC_x alloys^[30]

Alloys	Yield strength/MPa	Plasticity/%	Hardness (HV)
ACT0	1060.1	>50	365.9
ACT10	1139.4	36.9	424
ACT20	1236.8	27.6	441.8
ACT30	1337.8	27.3	462.8
ACT40	1351.1	20.5	482.3
ANT0	874.7	>50	353.9
ANT10	1115.3	>50	383.3
ANT20	1177.1	25.3	423.6
ANT30	1257.6	22.6	450.6
ANT40	1245.7	18.3	484.1

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表 2 B摻雜高熵合金的制備工藝及結構特征

Table 2. Preparation process and structural characteristics of B-doped high-entropy alloy

Elemental composition	Preparation technology	Content of B	Phase structure	Reference
CoCrFeNiTi_0.6B_x	Mechanical alloying SPS	x=0	FCC	[45]
		x=0.025	FCC+MB
		x=0.05–0.1	FCC+MB
		x=0.125	FCC+MB+BCC
(NbMoTiVSi_0.2)_100?xB_x	Vacuum arc melting		BCC+M₅Si₃	[46]
Al_0.5CoCrCuFeNiB_x	Vacuum arc melting	x=0	FCC	[47]
Al_0.5CoCrCuFeNiB_x	Vacuum arc melting	x=0–1	FCC+MB	[47]
CoCrCu_0.5FeNiB_x	Vacuum arc melting	x=0	FCC₁+FCC₂	[48]
CoCrCu_0.5FeNiB_x	Vacuum arc melting	x=0–0.5	FCC₁+FCC₃+CrFeB	[48]
(V_0.2Cr_0.2Nb_0.2Mo_0.2Ta_0.2)₃B₄	In situ reactive SPS		M₃B₄+M₅B₆	[49]
(V_0.2Cr_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2W_0.2)₃B₄	In situ reactive SPS		M₃B₄+M₅B₆	[49]
Al_0.1CrNbVMoB_x	Mechanical alloying SPS	x=0	BCC+Al₂O₃	[50]
Al_0.1CrNbVMoB_x	Mechanical alloying SPS	x=0.015	BCC+Al₂O₃	[50]
AlFeCoNiB_x	Vacuum arc melting	x=0 x=0.15 x=0.20	B2 B2+FCC₁+FCC₂ B2+FCC₁+FCC₂	[51]
AlMo_0.5NbTa_0.5TiZrB_x	Vacuum arc melting	x=0 x=0.02 x=0.06	BCC BCC BCC	[52]
Fe_50?xMn₃₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀B_x	Vacuum arc melting	x=0	FCC	[56]
		x=0.05	FCC+M₂B(0.0015)
		x=0.5	FCC+M₂B(0.015)
		x=0.1	FCC+M₂B(0.03)
FeCrCoNiMnB_x	Vacuum arc melting	x=0	FCC	[57]
		x=0.01	FCC
		x=0.05	FCC+(Cr,Fe)₂B
		x=0.10	FCC+(Cr,Fe)₂B
		x=0.15	FCC+(Cr,Fe)₂B
		x=0.20	FCC+(Cr,Fe,Co)₂B

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