基于PCM的太陽能儲能水箱研究進展

赫娜; 馮國會; 王天雨

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.08.24.007

基于PCM的太陽能儲能水箱研究進展

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.08.24.007

沈陽建筑大學市政與環境工程學院，沈陽 110168

基金項目: “十三五”國家重點研發計劃子課題資助項目（2018YFD1100705-02）；國家自然科學基金資助項目（51778376）；遼寧省教育廳面上資助項目（LJKZ0577）；沈陽市科技計劃資助項目（21-108-9-03）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: fengguohui888@163.com

中圖分類號: TK512+.3
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- 文章訪問數: 209
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-24
- 網絡出版日期: 2023-01-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-25

Research progress on solar energy storage water tanks based on phase-change materials

School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: fengguohui888@163.com

摘要

摘要: 在建筑節能領域，太陽能是一種備受青睞的清潔能源。然而，太陽能本身的不穩定性及不連續性極大的影響了其應用效果。相變儲能技術以其巨大的相變潛熱、相變過程溫度恒定等優點受到廣泛關注，是太陽能存儲技術中應用較為廣泛的一種技術。為總結相變儲能技術在太陽能存儲領域的應用效果及研究現狀，本文綜述了國內外基于相變儲能材料（PCM）的太陽能儲能水箱的研究進展。通過對太陽能相變儲能水箱中PCM的性能改進、相變儲能水箱結構優化設計、相變儲能水箱性能提升等問題的現有研究進行總結分析，歸納出目前基于PCM儲能的太陽能儲能水箱在應用中的優勢與不足。最后，提出改善太陽能相變儲能水箱性能的研究思路，分別對PCM的融化率、強化傳熱方法、技術經濟性、儲能水箱應用場景、多能耦合供熱性能匹配等問題進行了展望，旨在為太陽能相變儲能水箱的深入研究與應用提供幫助和借鑒。
- 太陽能 /
- 儲能 /
- PCM /
- 儲能水箱 /
- 研究進展
Abstract: In the field of building energy conservation, solar energy is a highly favored clean energy source. However, the instability and discontinuity of solar energy greatly affect its application. Phase-change energy storage technology is widely used for solar energy storage because of its huge latent heat and constant temperature during phase change. To summarize the application effect and research status of phase-change energy storage technology in the field of solar energy storage, this paper reviews the research progress on solar energy storage tanks based on phase-change energy storage materials at home and abroad. This paper focuses on the research progress on phase-change material (PCM) packaging technology from the aspects of geometry packaging and microcapsule encapsulation. The improvements in material thermal conductivity, supercooling and phase separation problems, and material cycle durability are summarized and analyzed. Moreover, this paper summarizes and analyzes the existing research on the structural optimization design of solar thermal storage tanks, stratification of solar phase-change energy storage tanks, storage performance of solar phase-change energy storage tanks, operation strategy of solar phase-change energy storage systems, and performance improvement of the solar heating system by a phase-change energy storage tank. The advantages and disadvantages of solar energy storage tanks based on PCM energy storage in applications are summarized. Finally, the research idea of improving the performance of solar phase-change energy storage tanks is proposed. First, it is suggested that further research should be conducted on the encapsulation technology and heat transfer enhancement technology of composite PCMs, and the economic problems of PCM preparation should be fully considered. Second, the problem that PCM cannot completely melt or solidify during heat storage and release should be comprehensively studied to further improve the energy release performance of the heat storage tank. Third, the structural design and operation strategy of solar phase-change energy storage tanks should be optimized. Finally, to further explore the application potential of solar phase-change energy storage tanks, it is necessary to develop a multi-energy coupled heating system based on a solar phase-change energy storage tank, study the cascade utilization of various energy sources such as photothermal, photoelectric, and electromagnetic heat, and improve the stability and energy conversion efficiency of the multi-energy coupled heating system. This study aims to provide a reference for further research on and application of solar phase-change energy storage tanks.
- solar energy /
- energy storage /
- PCM /
- energy storage water tank /
- the research progress

HTML全文

圖 1 相變儲能材料分類

Figure 1. Classification of phase-change energy storage materials

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圖 2 籠屜式相變蓄熱水箱示意圖^[29]

Figure 2. Schematic of a drawer-type phase-change heat storage tank^[29]

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圖 3 帶有不同高度、多個出口的水箱模型^[33]

Figure 3. Models of water tanks with different heights and multiple outlets^[33]

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圖 4 復合蓄熱式水箱主要結構和三維示意圖^[44]

Figure 4. Main structure and three-dimensional diagram of a composite regenerative water tank^[44]

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圖 5 蓄熱水箱、內置隔板物理模型及冷熱水流向示意圖^[47]

Figure 5. Physical model of a thermal storage tank and built-in partition and schematic of the cold and hot water flow directions^[47]

v₁ and v₃ are the hot water inlet and outlet flow velocities, respectively. v₂ and v₄ are the inlet and outlet flow velocities of cold water, respectively. The dimension unit is mm. 1 # tank has a conical top and a single round hole with a built-in partition structure, 2 # tank has a conical top and a multi-round hole with a built-in partition structure, and 3 # tank has a hemispherical top and a single round hole with built-in partition structure, R is the radius of the hemispherical top.(a) 3# Water tank shape structure; (b) 1# and 3# Water tank baffle structure; (c) 2# Water tank baffle structure.

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表 1 相變儲能材料封裝方式分類及優缺點

Table 1. Classification and advantages and disadvantages of phase-change energy storage materials

Encapsulation method	Specific encapsulation method	Advantages	Disadvantages	Classification	Application scope
Geometry packaging	A certain mass of the phase-change material (PCM) is encapsulated in a tubular or spherical plate or closed geometric containers of other shapes made of metal, plastic, or films that do not react with the PCM.	The preparation process is simple and easy to transport	Leakage and corrosion of metal materials may occur	Plate type, shell type, cylindrical type, ball type, and irregular geometry	Widely used in most organic and inorganic PCMs
Microencapsulation	The PCM is a solid or liquid coated with film-forming microparticles to form a core–shell structure.	Stable structure and good thermal conductivity	The preparation process is complex, and the cost is high	In situ polymerization, interface polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and sol–gel method	Paraffin, fatty acids, and other organic composite PCM

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表 2 PCM封裝形式示意圖

Table 2. Schematics of phase-change material encapsulation form

Encapsulation method	Name of PCM	Schematic diagram of encapsulation method and SEM diagram	Device name	Source of reference
Geometry packaging	Unknown PCM		Regenerative sphere	[3]
	Lauric acid		Inverted conical structure PCM package	[5]
	Decylic acid		Concentric tube bundle-type air phase-change accumulator	[7]
	Paraffin		Condenser heat accumulator unit	[8]
Microencapsulation	N-octadecane		N-octadecane - melamine formaldehyde resin microcapsule PCM	[9, 10]
	Lauric acid - myristic acid		Lauric acid - myristic acid - expanded graphite microcapsule PCM	[11]
	N-decane		N-decane + calcium carbonate microcapsule PCM	[12]
	Decylic acid		Melamine - urea-formaldehyde	[13]

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表 3 部分關于相變儲能材料性能提升的研究成果

Table 3. Research on the performance improvement of phase-change energy storage materials

Phase-change material substrate	Additive	Thermal conductivity/ (W·m^?1·K^?1)	Phase-change temperature/℃	Latent heat of phase change/ (J·g^?1)	Complex method	Source of reference
Paraffin	Expanded graphite (EG) 2%–10%（mass fraction）	Before adding 0.22	40.2	178.3	Impregnation method	[14]
Paraffin	Expanded graphite (EG) 2%–10%（mass fraction）	After adding 0.40, 0.52, 0.68, 0.82	40.2	178.3	Impregnation method	[14]
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)	SWNT	Before adding 0.267	51–52	90–103	Vacuum vapor deposition method	[15]
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)	SWNT	After adding 0.312	51–52	90–103	Vacuum vapor deposition method	[15]
Palmitic acid - stearic acid (PA-SA)	Carbon nanotube (CNT) 5%–8%（mass fraction）	Before adding 0.263	53–54	165–179	Melt blending method	[16]
Palmitic acid - stearic acid (PA-SA)	Carbon nanotube (CNT) 5%–8%（mass fraction）	After adding 0.316, 0.332, 0.332, 0.341	53–54	165–179	Melt blending method	[16]
Stearic acid (SA)	Graphene	Before adding 0.205	71–72	181–195	Emulsion technique	[17]
Stearic acid (SA)	Graphene	After adding 0.245–0.335	71–72	181–195	Emulsion technique	[17]
Pentacylglyceride (PG)	Expanded graphite (EG)	Before adding 0.232	76–82	163.8 161.6 160.1	Melt blending method	[18]
Pentacylglyceride (PG)	Expanded graphite (EG)	After adding 0.647, 0.863, 0.944	76–82	163.8 161.6 160.1	Melt blending method	[18]
Stearic acid/n-octadecane (SA-ODE)	—	—	27.4	227	Blending method	[19]
N-undecane/calcium carbonate	Emulator	Before adding 0.152	22 and 32.19	134.83	Microenc apsulation	[12]
N-undecane/calcium carbonate	Emulator	After adding 1.283	22 and 32.19	134.83	Microenc apsulation	[12]
Sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT)	Starch	—	54.7	180–189	Melt blending method	[20]
	Bentonite	—	56.4	153–161
	Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose	—	55.1	165
Sodium sulfate decahydrate	Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, vapor white carbon black, borax, and sodium chloride	—	27–31	134–157	Melt blending method	[21]
Sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT)	Nanoalumina, nanocopper, and carbon nanotubes	Before adding 0.6	58	243–252		[22]
Sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT)	Nanoalumina, nanocopper, and carbon nanotubes	After adding 0.4453–0.6698	58	243–252		[22]
Myristic acid	Silicon dioxide, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)	Before adding 0.18	48–56	190	Bending method	[23]
Myristic acid	Silicon dioxide, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)	After adding 0.26–0.38	48–56	190	Bending method	[23]

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259luxu-164

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