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鈮微合金化高強鋼中NbC析出相的生成機理

胡俊杰 任英 張立峰

胡俊杰, 任英, 張立峰. 鈮微合金化高強鋼中NbC析出相的生成機理[J]. 工程科學學報, 2023, 45(10): 1729-1739. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.07.21.001
引用本文: 胡俊杰, 任英, 張立峰. 鈮微合金化高強鋼中NbC析出相的生成機理[J]. 工程科學學報, 2023, 45(10): 1729-1739. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.07.21.001
HU Junjie, REN Ying, ZHANG Lifeng. Formation mechanism of NbC precipitates in micro-alloyed Nb high-strength steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2023, 45(10): 1729-1739. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.07.21.001
Citation: HU Junjie, REN Ying, ZHANG Lifeng. Formation mechanism of NbC precipitates in micro-alloyed Nb high-strength steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2023, 45(10): 1729-1739. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.07.21.001

鈮微合金化高強鋼中NbC析出相的生成機理

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.07.21.001
基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目(U22A20171)
詳細信息
    通訊作者:

    任英, E-mail: yingren@ustb.edu.cn

    張立峰, E-mail: zhanglifeng@ncut.edu.cn

  • 中圖分類號: TG156.5

Formation mechanism of NbC precipitates in micro-alloyed Nb high-strength steel

More Information
  • 摘要: 微合金化與熱處理工藝是提升鋼材性能最主要的兩種方法。本文以DH980高強鋼中NbC析出相為對象,研究了鈮含量分別為210 × 10–6、430 × 10–6和690 × 10–6和熱處理溫度分別為1000、1100、1200和1300 ℃的條件下,高強鋼中NbC析出相的析出行為。使用高溫硅鉬爐熔煉DH980連鑄坯并添加不同Nb含量進行鈮合金化,再將所得水冷樣置于硅鉬爐中完成不同溫度下的熱處理實驗,然后使用夾雜物自動掃描電鏡對實驗樣品進行夾雜物掃描、統計。經分析,鈮微合金化后的高強鋼中主要的夾雜物為Al2O3、MnS和NbC,其中,NbC析出相的尺寸范圍為0.7~6.0 μm,而1.0~2.0 μm尺寸的NbC居多。使用Factsage熱力學計算軟件計算NbC析出溫度及析出量,隨著鋼中鈮含量從210 × 10–6增加至690 × 10–6,NbC析出相的最高析出溫度逐漸升高,分別為1125、1200和1260 ℃,NbC析出率(NbC質量與所有夾雜物質量的比值)也逐漸從0.023%增加至0.047%、0.076%。MnS的析出溫度為1450 ℃,不隨Nb含量的變化而變化。鋼中NbC析出量隨著鈮含量的增加而增加,也隨著熱處理溫度的升高而增加。當熱處理溫度為1300 ℃時,NbC出現回溶現象,導致析出量減少。NbC尺寸主要與初始Nb含量、熱處理溫度、保溫時間有關,NbC尺寸會隨著Nb含量、熱處理溫度、保溫時間的提高而增加。本研究中建立了高強鋼中NbC析出動力學模型,預測了鋼中鈮含量、熱處理溫度、熱處理時間對NbC析出相尺寸的影響。

     

  • 圖  1  試驗流程圖. (a)熔煉實驗;(b)熱處理

    Figure  1.  Schematic of experiments: (a) smelting experiment; (b) heat treatment

    圖  2  不同Nb含量的未加熱處理樣品中夾雜物三元相圖. (a)210 × 10–6;(b)430 × 10–6;(c)690 × 10–6

    Figure  2.  Ternary phase diagram of inclusions in steel without heating with different Nb contents: (a) 210 × 10–6; (b) 430 × 10–6; (c) 690 × 10–6

    圖  3  典型夾雜物SEM圖和能譜分析. (a)Al2O3;(b)MnS;(c~d)NbC

    Figure  3.  SEM images and EDX analysis of typical inclusions: (a)Al2O3; (b) MnS; (c–d) NbC

    圖  4  Nb質量分數為210 × 10–6時在不同溫度下處理的樣品中夾雜物三元相圖. (a)1000 ℃;(b)1100 ℃;(c)1200 ℃;(d)1300 ℃

    Figure  4.  Ternary phase diagram of inclusions in steel at different heating temperature with 210 × 10–6 Nb: (a) 1000 ℃; (b) 1100 ℃; (c) 1200 ℃; (d) 1300 ℃

    圖  5  不同熱處理溫度下純NbC尺寸分布. (a)未經熱處理;(b)1000 ℃;(c)1100 ℃;(d)1200 ℃

    Figure  5.  Size distribution of pure NbC at different heating temperature: (a) before; (b) 1000 ℃; (c) 1100 ℃; (d) 1200 ℃

    圖  6  NbC面積分數隨Nb含量和熱處理溫度的變化

    Figure  6.  Relationship between area fraction of NbC and Nb content and heating temperature

    圖  7  不同Nb含量下各夾雜物、FCC、BCC、鋼液的生成情況. (a)210 × 10–6;(b)430 × 10–6;(c)690 × 10–6

    Figure  7.  Formation of inclusions, FCC, BCC, and liquid at different Nb content: (a)210 × 10–6; (b) 430 × 10–6; (c) 690 × 10–6

    圖  8  NbC析出相動力學計算模型示意圖

    Figure  8.  Schematic of the kinetic calculation model of NbC precipitates

    圖  9  鋼中NbC析出相的尺寸隨溫度的變化

    Figure  9.  Variation of NbC precipitate size in steel with heating temperature

    圖  10  不同Nb含量樣品中NbC析出相尺寸隨熱處理溫度、保溫時間的變化. (a)210 × 10–6;(b)430 × 10–6;(c)690 × 10–6

    Figure  10.  Relationship between the size of NbC precipitates in steel and heating temperature and holding time with different Nb content: (a) 210 × 10–6; (b) 430 × 10–6; (c) 690 × 10–6

    圖  11  NbC數量、尺寸隨熱處理溫度、Nb含量變化

    Figure  11.  Variation of amounts and NbC precipitate size in steel with heating temperature and Nb content

    表  1  鋼樣主要成分(質量分數)

    Table  1.   Main composition of steel samples %

    SampleCMnT.AlT.ST.NSiPCrNb
    10.2102.2000.8000.0030.0030.6000.0050.4000.021
    20.043
    30.069
    下載: 導出CSV

    表  2  夾雜物成分(質量分數)

    Table  2.   Composition of inclusion elements %

    COAlSiSFeMgCaMnPTiNNbMo
    3.416.248.60004.60000000
    下載: 導出CSV

    表  3  熱處理過程中C和Nb擴散系數和平衡質量分數

    Table  3.   Diffusion coefficients and equilibrium concentration of C and Nb during heat treatment process

    T/oCwNb,eq/%DNb/(10–15 m2·s–1)DC/(10–7 m2·s–1)
    9000.000.8282.05
    9500.000.9342.19
    10000.001.722.34
    10500.002.353.44
    11000.004.274.67
    11500.005.687.63
    12000.007.7314.5
    下載: 導出CSV

    表  4  熱處理過程中析出相動力學計算參數

    Table  4.   Calculation parameters of the kinetics of precipitates during heat treatment

    L0/μmMm/(kg·mol–1)MNbC/(kg·mol–1)ρm/(kg·m–3)ρNbC/(kg·m–3)
    0.670.0560.1057.64×1037.70×103
    下載: 導出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-07-21
  • 網絡出版日期:  2023-01-12
  • 刊出日期:  2023-10-25

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