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15Ni?15Cr ODS鋼的微觀結構與力學性能

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 15Ni?15Cr oxide dispersion strengthened austenitic steel

  • 摘要: 氧化物彌散強化(Oxide dispersion strengthened, ODS)鋼因其良好的高溫力學性能和抗輻照性能被認為是鈉冷快堆包殼材料的重要候選材料. 本文通過機械合金化以及熱等靜壓和鍛造工藝制備了15Ni?15Cr ODS奧氏體鋼,并且采用相同工藝制備了不加氧化物的15Ni?15Cr奧氏體鋼作為參比材料. 利用透射電鏡對樣品的微觀結構進行分析,發現15Ni?15Cr和15Ni?15Cr ODS奧氏體鋼晶粒尺寸分別為0.75和0.5 μm. 15Ni?15Cr ODS奧氏體鋼中分布的氧化物彌散粒子主要為δ-Y4Zr3O12以及少量的Al2O3. 15Ni?15Cr ODS奧氏體鋼中氧化物彌散粒子的平均粒徑為12.8 nm、數密度5.5×1022 m?3、粒子間距26 nm. 相比于15Ni?15Cr奧氏體鋼,15Ni?15Cr ODS奧氏體鋼具有更高的強度,但是高溫塑性有所降低. 15Ni?15Cr ODS奧氏體鋼的室溫斷裂機制為韌性斷裂,高溫斷裂機制為韌–脆混合斷裂.

     

    Abstract: The development of advanced cladding material with improved service performance is a key issue in engineering applications of sodium-cooled fast reactors. At present, the cladding materials of sodium-cooled fast reactors are mainly AISI type 316 or 15-15Ti austenitic stainless steel obtained by the traditional smelting method. However, the high-temperature mechanical properties and neutron irradiation resistance of these current austenitic steels cannot meet the service performance requirements for cladding of commercial fast reactors. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) austenitic steel is considered to be an important candidate material for cladding application in most Generation IV reactors because of its good high-temperature mechanical properties and excellent irradiation resistance. In this study, 15Ni?15Cr ODS austenitic steel was prepared by mechanical alloying, hot isostatic pressing, and forging processes. As the reference material, 15Ni?15Cr austenitic steel without oxide addition was also prepared by the same processes. The microstructure of the sample was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy combined with a high-angle annular dark field. The average grain size of 15Ni?15Cr ODS austenitic steels is only 0.5 μm, which is smaller than that of the reference material 15Ni?15Cr (i.e., 0.75 μm). The oxide-dispersed particles distributed in 15Ni?15Cr ODS austenitic steel are mainly δ-Y4Zr3O12 and a small amount of Al2O3. The average particle size of oxide-dispersed particles in 15Ni?15Cr ODS austenitic steel is 12.8 nm, the number density is 5.5×1022 m?3, and the interparticle spacing is 26 nm. Compared with the reference material 15Ni?15Cr, 15Ni?15Cr ODS austenitic steel exhibits higher strength, particularly at high temperature, which can be attributed to the refinement of crystal grains and the pinning effect of oxide-dispersed particles on dislocations. However, the plasticity of 15Ni?15Cr ODS austenitic steel decreases at a high temperature of 700 °C. The fracture surface of 15Ni?15Cr ODS austenitic steel at room temperature shows typically ductile fractures, whereas that at the high temperature of 700 °C shows ductile–brittle fractures.

     

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