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基于要約–承諾的智能法律合約訂立方法與實現

Design and implementation of conclusion procedure in smart legal contracts based on negotiation and acceptance

  • 摘要: 從合同訂立的相關法律規定入手,通過引入合約范本化思想,提出了一種包含智能合約建立、部署、訂立和存證四個階段的規范化合約訂立流程,使之滿足書面合同成立要件的法律規定;同時,在合約范本中提出了書面化交互接口,使之滿足合約“訂”和“立”兩個階段的交互;此外,在智能法律合約語言SPESC中引入了合約訂立相關語法,使之滿足合約訂立過程中的“要約–承諾”制度,并設計了三種區塊鏈交易結構支持當事人注冊、簽名、條款執行中交互數據的存證;最后,以銷售合約為實例,從訂立過程的要約認定、承諾認定、存證合法性三方面辨析了所提智能法律合約訂立方案的合規性。所做工作將有助于為智能法律合約的訂立過程提供法律依據,促進我國智能合約的法律化建設。

     

    Abstract: Smart legal contract (SLC), as a form of smart contract in accordance with the law, has attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, the conclusion procedure of an SLC still lacks effective technical methods to make it conform to the current legal regulations, which directly affects the legitimacy of the SLC contract. Therefore, this paper starts with the relevant legal regulations of contract conclusion and introduces the idea of contract normative pattern (CNP), which is a reusable form, model, or template for contract conclusion. Based on these regulations, we propose a standardized conclusion procedure of smart legal contracts. This procedure includes four stages: establishment, deployment, conclusion, and deposit to meet the current legal regulations for the conditions of establishment in the written contracts. Meanwhile, a written form of interactive interface is proposed to satisfy the two stages of “negotiation” and “acceptance” in the CNP. The negotiation stage supports the parties to repeatedly negotiate and determine the pending contents in the CNP, and the acceptance stage is to activate the behavioral attribute by actively triggering predefined algorithms, such as registration and signature. In addition, the syntax of contract conclusion, including parties’ negotiation and acceptance, is introduced in the SLC language, SPESC, to adhere to the “negotiation-acceptance” mechanism in the conclusion procedure. In this paper, we design three blockchain’s transaction structures to store interactive data during party registration, signature, and clause execution. Finally, considering the sales contract as an example, we analyze the legitimacy of the proposed conclusion scheme based on three aspects: negotiation confirmation, acceptance confirmation, and deposit legitimacy. This paper will provide a legal basis for the conclusion procedure of an SLC and promote better achievement of legalization of a smart contract.

     

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