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鐵/鎳基奧氏體多晶合金晶界彎曲研究進展

Research progress in grain boundary serration in iron/nickel based austenitic polycrystalline alloys

  • 摘要: 對于在高溫環境服役的金屬材料,晶界作為組織結構上的薄弱環節常常引發晶界裂紋而造成合金失效,嚴重影響了材料的高溫力學性能表現。因而,如何改善晶界狀態、提高晶界強度,是提高合金高溫性能的關鍵。在鐵/鎳基奧氏體多晶合金中,采用晶界彎曲的方法強化晶界、改善合金性能一直受到國內外研究人員的廣泛關注。從彎曲晶界的獲得方法、形成機制及其對材料性能的影響3個方面概述了目前國內外的研究現狀。較為全面地總結了特殊熱處理與材料合金化等獲得彎曲晶界的方法;討論了不同合金中晶界第二相誘發晶界彎曲的驅動力和內在機理;介紹了彎曲晶界對材料力學性能、耐蝕性能及焊接性能的影響。最后,結合當前的研究現狀,圍繞彎曲晶界的形成條件和機制,以及彎曲晶界對性能的影響,提出了彎曲晶界未來的研究發展方向。

     

    Abstract: Grain boundaries of high-temperature metallic materials, such as alloys, are often considered weak. At elevated temperatures, the strength of the grain boundary is relatively lower than that of the intragranular areas, and cracks often initially form on the grain boundary and then develop along it, which leads to premature failure and significantly degrades the mechanical performance of the material at high temperature. Therefore, how to optimize the morphology and improve the strength of the grain boundary is key to improving the properties of alloys at high temperatures. A serrated grain boundary is a type of grain boundary with a wave shape evolving from the bending of the flat grain boundary during special heat treatments. For iron/nickel-based austenitic polycrystalline alloys, grain boundary serration has been viewed as an effective method for strengthening their grain boundaries and enhancing their properties. Here, the research progress of serrated grain boundaries was reviewed based on the aspects of formation method, formation mechanism, and their influence on the properties of materials. The methods of formation of serrated grain boundaries for different types of alloys, such as controlled cooling heat treatment, isothermal heat treatment, mechanical heat treatment, and alloying, were summarized. The interactions between the grain boundary and intergranular precipitates, such as M7C3 carbide, M23C6 carbide, and γ′ phase, were discussed in detail to understand the formation mechanism of the serrated grain boundary and how it improving the properties of materials and reveal the driving force of grain boundary migration. In addition, the influences of the serrated grain boundary on the mechanical (rupture, creep, fatigue, and tensile) properties, corrosion properties (hot and stress corrosion), and heat-affected-zone (HAZ) liquefying cracking behavior of different alloys were analyzed. Last, based on the abovementioned details, development directions for future work on serrated grain boundaries were outlined.

     

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