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CO2分壓對N80油管鋼在CO2驅注井環空環境中應力腐蝕行為的影響

Effect of CO2 partial pressure on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of N80 tubing steel in the annulus environment of CO2 injection well

  • 摘要: 使用恒應變試樣浸泡試驗、表面分析技術和電化學測試技術研究了CO2分壓對N80鋼在模擬CO2驅注井環空環境中應力腐蝕行為的影響。研究結果表明:CO2分壓對腐蝕速率的影響存在一個拐點,環境溫度為25 ℃時拐點約為1 MPa。當CO2分壓小于1 MPa時,由于腐蝕產物膜(FeCO3)成形較慢,覆蓋率低,隨CO2分壓的增高,N80鋼的自腐蝕電流密度快速增大;當CO2分壓大于1 MPa時,腐蝕產物膜能以較快的速率成形,覆蓋率高,CO2分壓的進一步增高反會使得N80鋼的腐蝕電流密度降低。CO2溶于模擬環空溶液中會使溶液pH持續下降,促使N80油管鋼在環空環境下發生應力腐蝕開裂。N80鋼在CO2注入井環空環境中的應力腐蝕開裂機制是陽極溶解和氫脆共同作用的混合機制。應力腐蝕裂紋在萌生階段局部陽極溶解作用(點蝕)為主導,該作用下CO2分壓為1 MPa時應力腐蝕裂紋最易萌生;在應力腐蝕裂紋生長階段氫脆作用更強,這種作用導致CO2分壓更高時應力腐蝕裂紋更容易生長,應力腐蝕敏感性進一步提高。

     

    Abstract: CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) technology is the process of capturing CO2, transporting the captured CO2 to a storage site, and injecting the captured CO2 into an oil field to enhance oil recovery. CO2-EOR technology can greatly increase the profitability of oil fields. It is also a promising method for reducing CO2 emission and improving the environment. For these reasons, this technology has become increasingly important for the development of the global oil industry and has been widely explored. However, CO2 injection significantly increases the risk of corrosion failure of tubing steel. As such, the effect of CO2 on the stress corrosion behavior of tubing steel should be investigated. In this study, the effect of CO2 partial pressure (P_\rmCO_2 ) on the stress corrosion behavior of N80 steel was examined using an immersion test, a surface analysis technique, and an electrochemical technology. Results reveal that the influence of P_\rmCO_2 on the corrosion rate has an inflection point of approximately 1 MPa. When P_\rmCO_2 is <1 MPa, a corrosion product film (FeCO3) forms slowly, and the coverage rate is low. As P_\rmCO_2 increases, the corrosion current density of N80 steel increases. When P_\rmCO_2 is >1 MPa, the corrosion product film can form at a faster rate, and the corrosion current density of N80 steel decreases as P_\rmCO_2 increases. The pH of the solution decreases continuously when CO2 is dissolved in solution. Consequently, the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of N80 tubing steel occurs in an annulus environment. The SCC mechanism of N80 steel in the annulus environment of CO2 injection wells is the combination of anodic dissolution (AD) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Localized AD (pitting) is dominant in SCC at the initiation stage, and SCC is most likely initiated at P_\rmCO_2 of 1 MPa. At the crack growth stage, HE has a stronger effect on SCC than AD, the SCC easily grows with a high P_\rmCO_2 , and SCC sensitivity further improves.

     

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