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Fe?Mn?Al?C系中錳鋼的研究現狀與發展前景

Research progress and prospect of Fe?Mn?Al?C medium Mn steels

  • 摘要: 隨著汽車保有量的提高,能源消耗和環境問題對汽車用鋼提出了輕量化的要求。目前正在發展的第三代汽車用鋼的研究思路是將加入輕量元素以“輕”和增強增塑以“薄”相結合。Fe?Mn?Al?C系中錳鋼作為第三代汽車用鋼的主要組成部分,是當今的研究熱點之一。本文總結了近些年國內外Fe?Mn?Al?C系中錳鋼的研究文獻,從生產成本、力學性能等方面介紹了Fe?Mn?Al?C系中錳鋼的優勢。從成分設計、工藝設計、組織特征、變形及斷裂機制等多個方面出發,對文獻進行分析,總結出了合金成分、工藝路線和組織特征對性能的影響規律。闡述了奧氏體層錯能及其穩定性對中錳鋼變形機制,尤其是相變誘導塑性(TRIP效應)的影響規律。最后對目前Fe?Mn?Al?C系中錳鋼研究過程中存在的爭議問題進行了總結,展望了未來的發展趨勢,以期為中錳鋼的后續研究和實際生產提供參考。

     

    Abstract: As vehicle ownership increases, the trend lightweight design puts energy consumption and environmental concerns on automotive steel. The research concept of the third generation of automotive steel currently under development is to combine the addition of lightweight elements with “light” and improve plasticization with “thin”. Some of the research hotspots are Fe?Mn?Al?C medium Mn steels as the main component of the third generation of automotive steel. This paper summarized the research literature of Fe?Mn?Al?C steels in recent years in different countries, and discussed the advantages of Fe?Mn?Al?C medium Mn steels in terms of production cost and mechanical properties; the mechanical properties of that is not worse or even better than the second generation of advanced high-strength automotive steel such as TWIP steel can be obtained under the premise of cost savings. The literature was reviewed from the aspects of composition design, process design, microstructure characteristics, deformation and fracture mechanism, and the effect on the efficiency of chemical composition, process route, and microstructure on performance was summarized. It proposed a reasonable range of chemical elements especially Mn and Al, and compared the focus of the two different process routes (Intercritical annealing and quenching + Tempering). The deformation mechanism of medium Mn steel, especially transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, and the stacking fault energy and austenite stability were identified, in particular, the factors affecting the austenite stability such as grains size, grain morphology and chemical elements were described, and the three-stage work hardening behavior that often occurs in Fe?Mn?Al?C steels was explained. Furthermore, the literature proposed suggestions on regulating the organization of Fe?Mn?Al?C steels by studying the fracture mechanism of materials. Typically the initiation of cleavage cracks is linked to the process of coarse δ-ferrite and κ* phase. Finally, this paper summarized the controversial issues in Fe?Mn?Al?C medium Mn steels research and prospected the future development trend, to provide a reference for the follow-up research and actual production of medium Mn steels.

     

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