高溫高壓環境下不同濃度KBr溶液對13Cr不銹鋼的腐蝕行為影響
Influence of KBr concentration on corrosion behaviors of 13Cr stainless steels under high temperature and high pressure
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摘要: 油氣工業中溴鹽完井液的使用極易導致油套管腐蝕失效的發生, 尤其是局部腐蝕風險.針對這一問題, 采用高溫高壓腐蝕模擬試驗、掃描電鏡觀察與分析、電化學測試等試驗研究方法, 研究了高溫高壓環境下不同濃度溴鹽溶液對普通13Cr和超級13Cr兩種典型油套管材腐蝕行為的影響.結果表明: 從平均腐蝕速率來看, 兩種13Cr管材在三種濃度溴鹽溶液中均表現出較好的耐蝕性能, 屬于輕度或中度腐蝕, 但從局部腐蝕速率來看, 兩種材料均達到嚴重或極嚴重腐蝕; 隨著溴鹽濃度的提高, 普通13Cr的自腐蝕電位和點蝕電位均明顯負移, 對應材料的平均腐蝕速率和局部腐蝕速率均明顯上升, 而超級13Cr僅點蝕電位明顯負移, 自腐蝕電位則相對穩定, 對應其平均腐蝕速率變化幅度較小, 局部腐蝕速率則明顯上升, 這說明相比普通13Cr, 超級13Cr對溴鹽溶液具有更強的整體耐受能力, 但局部腐蝕敏感性仍然較高; 激光共聚焦(LSCM)三維表征結果表明, 在高質量濃度溴鹽溶液(1.40 g·cm-3)中, 不論是普通13Cr還是超級13Cr都有明顯的點蝕傾向, 這主要與溶液中高濃度的侵蝕性陰離子Br-有關, 相比于普通13Cr, 超級13Cr的點蝕敏感性相對較低, 但其點蝕風險仍不可忽視.Abstract: Recently, the use of bromine completion fluids in the oil and gas industry has caused numerous severe corrosion problems of the oil well casing and tubing, particularly the localized corrosion failure. Bromine completion fluids, such as KBr solution, are highly corrosive to steels. Even if the stainless steel is subjected to a high concentration of bromate under high temperature and pressure, it can still experience severe corrosion failure risks. In this study, the influence of KBr concentrations on corrosion behaviors of plain and super 13Cr steels under high temperature and pressure was investigated by corrosion simulation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, and electrochemical measurements. The results show that both plain and super 13Cr steels exhibit good corrosion resistance in KBr solutions with various concentrations regarding average corrosion rate, which is either mild or moderate. However, the local corrosion rates of plain and super 13Cr steels are serious or extremely serious. With the increase of bromide concentration, the free corrosion and pitting potentials of plain 13Cr steel significantly decrease. Both the average and local corrosion rates increase significantly. For super 13Cr steel, the pitting potential decreases, whereas the free potential remains relatively stable. The average corrosion rate of super 13Cr steel shows a lower scope of change than the local corrosion rate, which increases significantly and indicates that super 13Cr steel is much more corrosion resistant than plain 13Cr steel, but its local corrosion sensitivity is still high. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) results show that both plain and super 13Cr steels exhibit serious pitting corrosion in a KBr solution with a concentration of 1.40 g·cm-3, and this is related to the aggressiveness of Br-. Compared with plain 13Cr steel, super 13Cr steel shows a lower pitting sensitivity; however, its pitting corrosion risk cannot be ignored.