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基于動力學監測指標的崩塌早期預警研究進展

Research progress on dynamic monitoring index for early warning of rock collapse

  • 摘要: 崩塌災害的早期預警一直是巖土工程領域研究的熱點問題之一.傳統的監測預警方法監測指標相對單一, 更多關注于加速破壞前兆的識別, 使得崩塌的早期預警存在諸多困難.本文首先引入動力學監測指標, 對巖土體破壞過程中的動力響應進行綜述, 得出基于固有振動頻率等動力學監測指標可以為危巖體的損傷提供數據支持.隨后基于最新的實驗研究發現動力學監測指標可以有效反應邊坡的物理力學特征的變化, 進而可以實現巖體損傷與穩定性的動態識別和定量判斷.在對國內外現狀進行綜述發現, 基于分離階段破壞前兆識別的巖塊體崩塌災害預警思路, 具有更好的時效性, 是未來崩塌早期預警的發展方向, 同時對崩塌的早期預警指標體系進行展望, 得出基于動力學指標、靜力學指標和環境量指標三位一體的早期監測預警指標體系, 必將在工程監測與災害預警方面發揮更大潛力, 為從事應對崩塌等脆性破壞災害預警預防的研究工作者提供有效參考.

     

    Abstract: Early warning of rock collapse is one of the hot issues in the field of geotechnical engineering.The traditional monitoring and early warning methods of monitoring indicators are relatively uniform, with more attention being paid to the identification of accelerated damage precursors, which means that the early warning of collapse disasters has many inherent difficulties.In fact, rockblock collapse is caused by the dynamic failure of system instability, so it can be more effective to apply kinetic monitoring indicators to realize more scientific early warnings.In this paper, dynamic monitoring indexes were introduced to summarize the dynamic responses of rock and soil failure processes.A dynamic monitoring index based on natural vibration frequency can provide data for detecting damage in a dangerous rock mass.Based on the latest experimental research, it is concluded that the dynamic monitoring index can effectively reflect changes in physical and mechanical characteristics, and thus, can be used to dynamically and quantitatively analyze the damage and stability of a rock mass.A review of the literature on the current development of this field in China and abroad indicates that the early warning method of rock mass collapse disaster based on precursor failure identification in the detachment phase has better timeliness and will also to prove be more useful in future.Meanwhile, the development of an early warning index system of collapse is forecasted.An early monitoring and early warning index system based on dynamic, static, and environmental quantity indexes has greater potential for effective engineering monitoring and disaster warning.However, this new early warning method and its tripartite early warning indicator system offers a foundation for better responses to rock collapse in high-risk regions, and thus can improve the current passive prevention approach of rock-block monitoring and reduce the casualties and property losses that follow instantaneous rock collapse.This paper provides an effective reference for researchers studying early warning systems and the prevention of brittle damage disasters such as collapse.

     

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