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GCr15軸承鋼表面滲硼層生長動力學與機械性能

Kinetics and mechanical properties of borided GCr15 bearing steel

  • 摘要: 對GCr15軸承鋼表面滲硼層的生長動力學與機械性能進行了研究.采用固體滲硼的方法,在1123、1173、1223和1323 K溫度條件下,分別保溫處理2、4、6和8 h,進行滲硼層制備.采用光學顯微鏡、掃描電鏡、X射線衍射儀、維氏硬度計等對制備的滲硼層進行組織觀察與性能分析,并通過試驗數據對滲硼層的生長動力學特性進行了研究.研究結果表明:試樣表面獲得了均勻致密的滲硼層,滲硼層的相成分主要是FeB和Fe2B;滲硼層的厚度隨處理溫度與保溫時間的增加而增厚,變化范圍為33.4~318.5 μm;滲硼層的表面硬度隨處理溫度及保溫時間的增加而增大,主要是由于隨著滲硼層厚度的增加,高硬度FeB相的含量上升,低硬度Fe2B相的含量下降,表面硬度HV0.1變化范圍為1630~1950,與基體組織相比,提高了5~6倍;滲層截面硬度測試結果表明,滲層與基體之間有較寬的硬度梯度過渡;通過Arrhenius公式,對滲硼層的生長動力學方程進行了推導,可知B元素在GCr15軸承鋼中的擴散激活能為188.595 kJ·mol-1,對推導的動力學方程進行了試驗驗證,結果表明最大誤差僅4.93%,可有效的實現對滲層厚度的預測.

     

    Abstract: The kinetics and mechanical properties of borided GCr15 bearing steel was investigated. The boriding treatment was carried out in a solid medium at 1123, 1173, 1223, and 1323 K for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the boride layer were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Vickers hardness tester, and the growth kinetics characteristics were also studied based on experimental data. The results indicate that the boride layer has a smooth and compact morphology, and the presence of FeB and Fe2B on the steel substrate is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The thickness and hardness of the boride layer increase with treatment time and temperature, where the thickness ranges from 33.4 to 318.5 μm. The increased hardness is mainly because of the increase in the highly hard FeB phase content. The content of Fe2B phase, which has a low hardness, decreases with an increase of layer thickness. The hardness of the boride layer HV0.1 ranges within 1630-1950, and it is increased by 5 to 6 times compared with the matrix. The hardness test results of the boride layer cross section indicate that there is a wide transition of hardness gradient between the boride layer and the matrix. The kinetic equation based on the experimental data and Arrhenius equation was investigated, the active energy of B element in the GCr15 bearing steel is 188.595 kJ·mol-1, and the derived kinetic equation is verified by experiments. The results indicate that the maximum error between the theoretical derivation and experimental derivation is 4.93%. Therefore, the derived kinetic equation can effectively predict the thickness of the boride layer on GCr15 bearing steel.

     

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