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白云母伴生銣礦氯化焙燒-水浸法提銣的動力學研究

Kinetic studies of rubidium extraction from muscovite using chlorination roasting-water leaching process

  • 摘要: 采用了氯化鈣氯化焙燒-水浸法提取白云母中銣的方法.通過氯化焙燒熱重-差熱分析曲線可知,用氯化鈣混合白云母進行氯化反應的溫度要比用氯化鈉低100℃左右,且用CaCl2氯化比NaCl更有效率.接著考察了氯化焙燒溫度對銣提取率的影響,結果表明,只有當氯化焙燒溫度提高至800℃后,才可能取得明顯的銣的氯化效果,銣的提取率即達96.71%,隨氯化焙燒溫度升高,銣的氯化速率不斷增大,特別是800℃后,銣的氯化速率明顯增大,這說明高溫有利于銣的氯化焙燒.最終對白云母與氯化鈣氯化焙燒過程進行了動力學研究.結果表明,三維界面反應方程能較好地描述該氯化焙燒反應體系,根據阿侖尼烏斯公式計算出來的活化能為42.22 kJ·mol-1,說明白云母和CaCl2的氯化過程的確受界面化學反應控制.

     

    Abstract: Rubidium is a very active and highly dispersed rare alkali metal, which has a wide range of applications in space technology, electronics, bioengineering, and materials science. To date, no single mineral with the industrial exploitation of rubidium has been found. Rubidium is mainly associated with cesium lithium mica, pollucite, carnallite, potash, seawater, and salt lake brine. In recent years, a large amount of rubidium muscovite has been found in China, and they have become an important resource for extracting rubidium. If comprehensively explored, they will alleviate the shortage of rubidium resources in China. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a simple and highly efficient process for rubidium muscovite exploration. Here, a chlorination roasting process was proposed to recover rubidium from the distinctive rubidium-containing muscovite. According to the differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA-TG) curves of chlorinated roasting, the temperature of the chlorination reaction using calcium chloride is about 100℃ lower than that of sodium chloride, and the chlorination is more efficient with CaCl2 than NaCl. Subsequently, the impact of chlorination temperature on the rubidium extraction rate was investigated. The results show that the rubidium can be chlorinated only when the chlorination temperature reaches 800℃, whereby the rubidium extraction rate is 96.71%. The rubidium chlorination rate largely increases with, especially after 800℃; this shows that the high temperature is beneficial to the chlorination roasting of rubidium. Finally, the kinetics results of the chlorination roasting of the kaolin ore show that the extraction rate of rubidium is controlled by the chemical reaction, and the activation energy in the roasting temperature range is 42.22 kJ·mol-1.

     

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