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高爐處理燒結煙氣脫硫脫硝理論分析

Desulfurization and denitration of sintering flue gas by blast furnace process

  • 摘要: 對利用高爐處理燒結煙氣同時脫硫脫硝脫二噁英技術的可行性進行了理論探討,分析高爐內部還原二氧化硫和氮氧化物,以及分解二噁英的熱力學條件,探討燒結煙氣代替空氣鼓風對理論燃燒溫度、風量、爐缸煤氣、爐頂煤氣和鐵水硫含量的影響.結果表明:二氧化硫、一氧化氮和二氧化氮的最低平衡體積分數分別為1.84×10-13%、3.08×10-11%和3.72×10-21%,高爐內部還原二氧化硫和氮氧化物是可行的;高爐具有分解二噁英的有利熱力學條件;煙氣中二氧化硫和一氧化碳對理論燃燒溫度的影響可忽略,氮氧化物能略微提高理論燃燒溫度,二氧化碳體積分數增加1%,理論燃燒溫度降低大約40.5℃,但通過降低鼓風濕度和提高富氧率等措施,能達到高爐正常生產時的爐缸熱狀態水平;隨著煙氣中二氧化碳含量的增加,風量、爐缸和爐頂煤氣量都逐漸降低,爐缸煤氣一氧化碳和氫氣含量增加,爐頂煤氣中一氧化碳、氫氣、二氧化碳和水含量都增加,氮氣含量顯著降低;鐵水硫含量與煙氣二氧化硫含量成正比,但當二氧化硫質量濃度達到2000 mg·m-3,鐵水中硫質量分數僅為0.025%,鐵水質量仍合格.通過綜合調節高爐操作參數,也可以實現燒結煙氣代替空氣鼓風進行高爐煉鐵生產,達到脫硫脫硝脫二惡英的目的.

     

    Abstract: The technical feasibility of desulfurization, denitration and dioxin removal from sintering flue gas processed by blast furnace was discussed in theory. The reduction thermodynamics of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides as well as the conditions for dioxin decomposition in a blast furnace were analyzed. The effects of blast with sintering flue gas instead of air on the theoretical flame temperature (TFT), blast volume, gas in hearth, top gas and sulfur content of hot metal were investigated. The results show that sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can be reduced in the BF interior, and the lowest equilibrium volume fractions of sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are 1.84×10-13%, 3.08×10-11% and 3.72×10-21%, respectively. Favorable thermodynamic conditions for dioxin decomposition are found in the blast furnace. Sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide in sintering flue gas have little effect on the TFT, while nitrogen oxides can slightly increase the TFT. The TFT decreases by about 40.5% with a 1% increase in carbon dioxide volume fraction of sintering flue gas, but the thermal state of a hearth can be improved to the normal level by reducing the humidity and increasing the oxygen enrichment of blast. The blast volume, gas in hearth and top gas decrease with increasing carbon dioxide content of sintering flue gas. As the carbon dioxide content of sintering flue gas rises, the carbon monoxide and hydrogen contents of gas in hearth and the carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water contents of top gas increase, but the nitrogen contents of gas in hearth and top gas decrease. The sulfur quality content of hot metal is proportional to the sulfur dioxide content of flue gas and it is raised to 0.025% when the sulfur dioxide content increases to 2000 mg·m-3. The BF production can proceed smoothly with sintering flue gas blast instead of air through comprehensive operating measures, achieving the purpose of desulfurization, denitration and dioxin removal.

     

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